{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:36:50Z","timestamp":1771295810969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"629","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,20]],"date-time":"2007-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1198108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":80,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims at assessing the consistency between different precipitable water vapour (PWV) datasets over Africa (between 35\u00b0N and 10\u00b0S). This region is characterized by large spatial and temporal variability of humidity but also by the scarcity of its operational observing network, limiting our knowledge of the hydrological cycle. We intercompare data from observing techniques such as ground\u2010based Global Positioning System (GPS), radiosondes, AERONET sun photometers and SSM\/I, as well as reanalyses from European Centre for Medium\u2010Range Weather Forecasts (ERA\u201040) and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP2). The GPS data, especially, are a new source of PWV observation in this region. PWV estimates from nine ground\u2010based GPS receivers of the international GPS network data are used as a reference dataset to which the others are compared. Good agreement is found between observational techniques, though dry biases of 12\u201314% are evidenced in radiosonde data at three sites. Reasonable agreement is found between the observational datasets and ERA\u201040 (NCEP2) reanalyses with maximum bias \u2a7d9% (14%) and standard deviation \u2a7d17% (20%). Since GPS data were not assimilated in the ERA\u201040 and NCEP2 reanalyses, they allow for a fully independent validation of the reanalyses. They highlight limitations in the reanalyses, especially at time\u2010scales from sub\u2010daily to periods of a few days. This work also demonstrates the high potential of GPS PWV estimates over Africa for the analysis of the hydrological cycle, at time\u2010scales ranging between sub\u2010diurnal to seasonal. Such observations can help studying atmospheric processes targeted by the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis project. Copyright \u00a9 2007 Royal Meteorological Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,29]],"date-time":"2010-01-29T14:20:55Z","timestamp":1264774855000},"page":"2011-2027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Comparison of ground\u2010based GPS precipitable water vapour to independent observations and NWP model reanalyses over Africa"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"O.","family":"Bock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010N.","family":"Bouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Walpersdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Lafore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Janicot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Guichard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Agusti\u2010Panareda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-86-2-245"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-86-3-387"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qj.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004536"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(99)00160-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92JD01517"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1994)033<0379:GMMZWD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","unstructured":"BockO FlamantC RichardE KeilC BouinMN.2004.\u2018Validation of precipitable water from ECMWF model with GPS data during the MAP SOP\u2019. 11thConference on mountain meteorology 21\u201325 June 2004 Bartlett NH. Amer. Meteorol. Soc: Boston."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.05.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD02089"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003820050316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD03015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","unstructured":"GendtG.2004. \u2018Report of the tropospheric working group for 2002\u2019. Pp.209\u2013212 of IGS 2001\u20132002 Tech. Report Publ. 04\u2013017 Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Pasadena available fromhttp:\/\/igscb.jpl.nasa.gov\/igscb\/resource\/pubs\/0102TR\/2001\u20102002_tech_report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JD003235"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD03247"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(98)00031-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD900014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-83-11-1631"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","article-title":"Integrated atmospheric water vapour estimates from a regional GPS network","volume":"107","author":"Klein Baltink H","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL022570"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2001)040<0005:COPWOI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2004)017<2427:IVOTAD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0442(2004)017<2441:IMARVI>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL020665"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2001)018<0830:COMOAW>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","unstructured":"NurmiP.2003. \u2018Recommendations on the verification of local weather forecasts\u2019. Tech. Memo. 430. ECMWF: Reading UK.http:\/\/www.ecmwf.int\/publications\/library\/ecpublications\/_pdf\/tm\/ 401\u2010500\/tm430.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.04.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(1995)012<0468:GSOAWV>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JD01808"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.40.001886"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","unstructured":"SimmonsAJ GibsonJK.2000.\u2018The ERA\u201040 project plan\u2019. ERA\u201040 Project Report Series No. 1 ECMWF: Reading UK."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/JCLI3379.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03352305"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1256\/qj.04.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jastp.2007.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2002)019<0981:COHMEF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JC01751"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(2003)042<1107:DVOPWO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Diurnal variation of precipitable water over a mountainous area of Sumatra Island","volume":"42","author":"Wu PM","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meteorol."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0493(2001)129<0784:TDCITT>2.0.CO;2"}],"container-title":["Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fqj.185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fqj.185","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/qj.185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T18:33:57Z","timestamp":1700073237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/qj.185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"629","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/qj.185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/qj.185","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9009","1477-870X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9009","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-870X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-10-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-12-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}