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The results indicate that as the fractional\u2010order increases, the number of infections decreases due to the memory effect of early detection and treatment, while as the order decreases, the number of infections increases. Early detection and treatment have a profound effect on recovery and prevalence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/qub2.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T21:21:57Z","timestamp":1784064117000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fractal\u2013fractional model for analysis of tuberculosis infection using Ethiopia incidence data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kumama Regassa","family":"Cheneke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Hawassa College of Teacher Education  Hawassa Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University  Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatmawati","family":"Fatmawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology Airlangga University  Surabaya Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Bayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering Biruni University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMSAO.2019.8880397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2019.109450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2018.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mma.9532"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12190-022-01734-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10441-020-09406-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ftubr.2024.1438406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OmejeD AchenejeG OdibaP BolajiB.Modeling the transmission dynamics of the co\u2010infection of malaria and tuberculosis with optimal control strategies and cost\u2010benefit analysis. 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