{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:12:10Z","timestamp":1772118730001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8236141041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8236141041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20242BAB25565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20242BAB25565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Basic Research Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFF1105500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFF1105500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tetrandrine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid with diverse pharmacological activities and faces critical pharmaceutical challenges due to its inherent photolability under environmental stressors. Despite its therapeutic potential, systematic investigations into its photodegradation mechanisms and impurity profiling remain conspicuously absent, posing risks to drug quality control and regulatory compliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structural elucidation of degradation products (DPs) was achieved through advanced analytical techniques, including high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1D\/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and comparative fragmentation analysis. Key degradation drivers\u2014including light intensity, atmospheric composition, aqueous content, and pH extremes\u2014were quantitatively assessed through designed single\u2010variable experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven photodegradants (DP\u20101 to DP\u20107) were structurally characterized, including two quaternary ammonium enantiomers (DP\u20102 and DP\u20103) from N\u2010oxidation, a benzophenone derivative (DP\u20104) via benzylic C\u2013H oxidation, and macrocyclic cleavage products (DP\u20101 and DP\u20107) through oxidative C\u2013C bond scission. Degradation exhibited irradiance threshold behavior (&gt;\u200910\u2009mW cm\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      for 80% conversion) and oxygen dependency (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.98). Alkaline conditions (0.1\u2009M NaOH) induced complete degradation within 0.5\u2009h through \u00b7OH\u2010mediated radical chain reactions, while aqueous media (40% H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O) accelerated hydrolysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first mechanistic atlas of tetrandrine's photodegradation, identifying three dominant pathways: oxidative skeletal modification, oxidative ring\u2010opening, and radical\u2010mediated C\u2013N cleavage. This study establishes a robust framework for the impurity analysis of natural product\u2010derived drugs and provides actionable guidelines for stabilizing tetrandrine during manufacturing and storage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.10102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T03:45:42Z","timestamp":1751341542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impurity Profiling and Mechanistic Investigation of the Photochemical Degradation of Tetrandrine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jinmei","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry &amp; Chemical Engineering Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSPC Jiangxi Jinfurong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd  Jiujiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruihan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry &amp; Chemical Engineering Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiran","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry &amp; Chemical Engineering Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-719X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinlong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry &amp; Chemical Engineering Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9662"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16098020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.978600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2021.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010022\u201024891\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.114767"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2021.2008226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020325"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.119018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2023.101124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9732"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9729"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.10033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201057406\u20107"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.10102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T10:17:42Z","timestamp":1761473862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.10102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.10102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.10102","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.10102\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.10102\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.10102\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.10102\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e10102"}}