{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T21:09:16Z","timestamp":1783631356427,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Curcumae Rhizoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Ezhu) and\n                      <jats:italic>Curcumae Radix<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Yujin) are both derived from\n                      <jats:italic>Curcuma kwangsiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CK), an important species in the Zingiberaceae family. They have different clinical applications in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): The rhizome is mainly used for antitumor treatments, whereas the radix is known for antidepressant and cholagogic effects, both officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, non\u2010medicinal parts such as the aerial portions and fibrous roots are sometimes mixed in, leading to confusion in clinical formulation use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to analyze different parts of CK, including its rhizome (RHCK), radix (RACK), aerial parts (APCK), and fibrous root (FRCK) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP\u2010MS), ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2010quadrupole\u2010electrostatic field Orbitrap high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010Q Exactive Orbitrap\u2010MS), and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These mineral elements of different parts in CK were determined by using (ICP\u2010MS). The nonvolatile metabolites were achieved by UPLC\u2010Q Exactive Orbitrap\u2010MS, and the volatile metabolites were identified by GC\u2010MS. Statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least\u2010squares discriminate analysis (OPLS\u2010DA) model, was used to classify different parts of CK based on mineral elements and metabolites. Furthermore, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was utilized to effectively differentiate the different parts by analyzing the data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 26 mineral elements, 738 nonvolatile metabolites, and 87 volatile metabolites were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed 14 mineral elements, 390 nonvolatile metabolites, and 42 volatile metabolites (VIP &gt;\u20091) as potential markers. A LDA model effectively distinguished the four plant parts, achieving a classification accuracy of 95%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings offer a practical strategy for accurately identifying and differentiating medicinal from non\u2010medicinal parts of CK, reducing misidentification in TCM formulations and enhancing clinical safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.10105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T05:00:13Z","timestamp":1756789213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Integrative Analysis of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Curcuma kwangsiensis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Reveals Markers for Distinguishing Rhizome, Radix, and Non\u2010Medicinal Parts via LDA\u2010Based Classification"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau, College of Pharmacy and Food Southwest Minzu University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Qiang\u2010Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology Engineering Laboratory  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Tibetan Plateau Ethnic Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory of National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiansang","family":"Wulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Qinghai\u2010Tibetan Plateau, College of Pharmacy and Food Southwest Minzu University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Qiang\u2010Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology Engineering Laboratory  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