{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T22:54:12Z","timestamp":1774047252783,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rational<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigating TCE glutathione (GSH) conjugation metabolites is essential, as these reactive intermediates play a central role in TCE bioactivation and are implicated in organ\u2010specific toxicities, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Characterizing and quantifying these metabolites enhances our understanding of TCE metabolism, supports biomarker discovery, and helps elucidate mechanisms of TCE\u2010induced toxicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A robust liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) method was established for the detection and quantification of three major GSH\u2010related TCE metabolites: S\u2010(1,2\u2010dichlorovinyl)\u2010glutathione (DCVG), S\u2010(1,2\u2010dichlorovinyl)\u2010L\u2010cysteine (DCVC), and N\u2010acetyl\u2010S\u2010(1,2\u2010dichlorovinyl)\u2010L\u2010cysteine (NAcDCVC). Serum samples were obtained from male C57BL\/6 mice chronically exposed to TCE (100\u2009ppm in drinking water for 15\u2009weeks).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Calibration curves for all three metabolites demonstrated excellent linearity (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.998). The method achieved limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.0057 to 0.0120\u2009nM, limits of quantitation (LOQ) from 0.0189 to 0.0401\u2009nM, recoveries of 75.9%\u2013115.5%, and inter\u2010assay variation of 0.5%\u201311.5%. PD model mice exhibited elevated serum levels of DCVG and DCVC, while NAcDCVC levels were significantly reduced.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study presents the first comprehensive LC\u2013MS\/MS\u2010based quantification of TCE GSH conjugation metabolites in serum, offering high sensitivity, precision, and reproducibility. The observed elevated serum levels of the toxic metabolites DCVG and DCVC, along with the markedly reduced NAcDCVC concentrations in PD mice, provide a critical foundation for future investigations into the mechanistic links between TCE exposure and PD pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.10117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T07:48:58Z","timestamp":1753861738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["LC\u2013MS Determination of Trichloroethylene Glutathione Conjugation Metabolites in a Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong\u2010Hong Kong\u2010Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Technology  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0728-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas\u00a0Ka\u2010Yam","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist University  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong\u2010Hong Kong\u2010Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of Technology  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"College of Science Eastern Institute of Technology  Ningbo 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