{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T17:15:35Z","timestamp":1775841335329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Jiuwei Xifeng Granules, a Chinese patent medicine developed based on renowned traditional Chinese medicine, has shown significant clinical efficacy in treating Tourette's syndrome. However, there is limited research on its pharmacological compounds and mechanism of action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was employed to analyze the natural organic small molecules in the herbal ingredients of Jiuwei Xifeng Granules and the drug\u2010derived components in the serum, liver, and brain tissues of mice following long\u2010term administration, as well as the protein components in the animal drugs. Meanwhile, inorganic trace elements are also widely assessed in Jiuwei Xifeng Granules. Molecular network analysis is utilized to further analyze the natural organic small molecules. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were employed to investigate the mechanisms of action of the main active ingredients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 51 natural organic small molecules were identified in the five herbal medicines of Jiuwei Xifeng Granules, and the main active components included Gastrodin, Gentiopicroside, and Geissoschizine methyl ether. A total of 22 drug\u2010derived components were identified in the blood of mice, 18 components were detected in the liver, and 8 were found in the brain tissue. Molecular network analysis further expanded the range of identified natural small molecule organic compounds. Thirty\u2010six proteins were identified from two animal drugs in Jiuwei Xifeng Granules, and 68 trace elements were identified from two mineral medicines in Jiuwei Xifeng Granules. The results of the systems pharmacology analysis confirm that the pharmacological action pathways include serotonergic synapse, neuroactive ligand\u2010receptor interaction, dopaminergic synapse, and cAMP signaling pathway. The main targets included DRD2, SLC6A4, HTR1A, DRD1, and KCNH2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study employed a multi\u2010omics approach to comprehensively analyze the active compounds in Jiuwei Xifeng Granules, providing a chemical foundation for elucidating its mechanism of action in treating Tourette's syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.10156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T09:22:24Z","timestamp":1761816144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Integration of Multiple Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Molecular Network Analysis With Bioinformatics Approaches Revealed the Mechanism of Jiuwei Xifeng Granules in the Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3649-2428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Innovation for Marine Medicine and Modern Chinese Medicine Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.  Lianyungang China"},{"name":"Department of Child Health Care Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine  Xiangyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy Weifang People's Hospital  Weifang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Limin","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangyang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital  Xiangyang Hubei China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Care Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine  Xiangyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Care Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine  Xiangyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Clinical Medicine Henan University of Science and Technology  Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Care Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine  Xiangyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Care Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine  Xiangyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Innovation for Marine Medicine and Modern Chinese Medicine Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.  Lianyungang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-9137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory on Innovation for Marine Medicine and Modern Chinese Medicine Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.  Lianyungang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787\u2010011\u20100163\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007466"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. 2020 Edition. 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T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Library and Information Science for Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14009\/j.issn.1672\u20102124.2024.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19540\/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230330.502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.0253\u20102670.2022.14.013"},{"issue":"19","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Fingerprint and Multi\u2010Components Determination of Alkaloid in Jiuwei Xifeng Granules","volume":"22","author":"Fu J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.10156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T10:07:36Z","timestamp":1765188456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.10156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.10156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.10156","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e10156"}}