{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T02:07:46Z","timestamp":1768442866474,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,17]],"date-time":"2004-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1084752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of plasma volume expanders, especially those based on chemically modified polysaccharides such as hydroxyethyl starch, has found its way from the medical field to the athletic community in the everlasting drive for performance enhancement. As such, plasma volume expanders have been placed on the list of banned substances by the International Olympic Committee, and in turn require accurate and sensitive analytical tools for their detection in complex biological matrices. Here we present a relatively straightforward method for the detection of polysaccharide\u2010based plasma volume expanders (PVE) in urine, based on the carefully controlled partial acid hydrolysis of urine (20\u2009\u03bcL) in a total volume of 500\u2009\u03bcL 4\u2009M trifluoroacetic acid. Following the incubation (30 min at 100\u00b0C) an aliquot of the hydrolysate is dried, re\u2010suspended in the analytical matrix (e.g. 2,5\u2010dihydroxybenzoic acid) and examined by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionisation time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (MALDI\u2010TOFMS). The obtained mass spectrometric profile reveals a high number of characteristic peaks in the mass range between 500 and 3000\u2009Da, a region that in urine samples devoid of PVE appears relatively clean, and thus allows the unambiguous identification of the presence of such PVE. This approach is fast (the mass profile can be obtained within 90\u2009min), highly sensitive (the effective sample amount on the MALDI target is equivalent to 100\u2009nL urine), needs little sample handling (four steps), requires no derivatisation and is devoid of interference from other biomolecules. The approach has been worked\u2010out for hydroxy ethyl starch but can be applied to other polymer\u2010derived plasma expanders such as dextran and probably the newly developed acetyl starch. Copyright \u00a9 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,17]],"date-time":"2004-05-17T06:01:05Z","timestamp":1084773665000},"page":"1324-1330","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Rapid screening of plasma volume expanders in urine using matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionisation time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ricardo Guti\u00e9rrez","family":"Gallego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"509","volume":"1","author":"Nakasato SK","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198005000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"276","volume":"19","author":"Sputtek A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infusionsther. Transfusionsmed."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1110-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"615","volume":"35","author":"Ferber HP","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.3.903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"5","author":"Seiler S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sport Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","unstructured":"International Olympic Committee; Prohibited Classes Of Substances And Prohibited Methods 2003. Available:http:\/\/multimedia.olympic.org\/pdf\/en_report_542.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","unstructured":"World Anti\u2010Doping Agency; Codes and Standards 2004. Available:http:\/\/www.wada\u2010ama.org\/docs\/web\/standards_harmonization\/code\/code_v3.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)00251-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9888(200001)35:1<77::AID-JMS916>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"856","volume":"86","author":"Behne M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth. 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