{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T21:07:21Z","timestamp":1772831241112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Among more than 50 provitamin carotenoids,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene is the most metabolically active source of retinol. Despite diets rich in fruits and vegetables containing\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene, vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of blindness and childhood mortality in developing countries. In addition, the uncertainty of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene bioconversion into vitamin A suggests that new data are needed to update the nutritional guidelines in developed countries. Previously, we reported the development of a carotene\/retinol plateau isotopic enrichment method (CarRet PIE) for the determination of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene bioavailability and bioconversion into retinol, which utilizes positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry (LC\/MS). While seeking to validate the CarRet PIE using a mass balance approach requiring fecal measurements of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene and retinol, interference was encountered that required substantial modifications of the LC\/MS assay. Here we report a new LC\/MS assay that is based on the detection of molecular anions of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene using negative ion APCI with a reversed\u2010phase C\n                    <jats:sub>30<\/jats:sub>\n                    column for HPLC separation. Sample preparation required saponification to eliminate interfering triglycerides. The limit of detection (LOD) of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene was 0.25\u2009pmol calculated on the basis of an injection of 20\u2009\u00b5L of 0.0125\u2009\u00b5M\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 1.0\u2009pmol based on the injection of 20\u2009\u00b5L of 0.050\u2009\u00b5M\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene. The linear range was 1.1 to 2179\u2009pmol on\u2010column. The wide linear range and low LOD and LOQ of this assay facilitated the sensitive and selective quantitative analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene in both serum and fecal samples in support of an on\u2010going clinical investigation of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010carotene bioavailability and bioconversion into vitamin A. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]],"date-time":"2006-07-14T07:36:33Z","timestamp":1152862593000},"page":"2427-2432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Quantitative analyses of\n                    <i>\u03b2<\/i>\n                    \u2010carotene and retinol in serum and feces in support of clinical bioavailability studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dongwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolien A.","family":"Bouwman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive E.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"van Breemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(89)90143-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"351","volume-title":"The Retinoids: Biology, Chemistry and Medicine","author":"Saari JC","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/219800a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.1.276S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.1.251S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition","author":"FAO\/WHO Joint Expert Consultation","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0300240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.5.949"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac000454e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00109a016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac026118a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-999-0454-9"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcm.2601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.2601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T09:53:45Z","timestamp":1761472425000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.2601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.2601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.2601","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,14]]}}}