{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:02:18Z","timestamp":1791352938335,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,14]],"date-time":"2006-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1163462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Compound\u2010specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has been established as a useful tool in the field of environmental science, in particular in the assessment of contaminated sites. What limits the use of gas chromatography\/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC\/IRMS) is the low sensitivity of the method compared with GC\/MS analysis; however, the development of suitable extraction and enrichment techniques for important groundwater contaminants will extend the fields of application for GC\/IRMS. So far, purge and trap (P&amp;T) is the most effective, known preconcentration technique for on\u2010line CSIA with the lowest reported method detection limits (MDLs in the low\u2009\u00b5g\/L range). With the goal of improving the sensitivity of a fully automated GC\/IRMS analysis method, a commercially available P&amp;T system was modified. The method was evaluated for ten monoaromatic compounds (benzene, toluene,\n                    <jats:italic>para<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010xylene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, isopropylbenzene, 1,2,3\u2010trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4\u2010trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5\u2010trimethylbenzene, fluorobenzene) and ten halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (dichloromethane,\n                    <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20101,2\u2010dichloroethene,\n                    <jats:italic>trans<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20101,2\u2010dichloroethene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 1,2\u2010dichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachlorethene, 1,2\u2010dibromoethane, bromoform). The influence of method parameters, including purge gas flow rates and purge times, on\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C values of target compounds was evaluated. The P&amp;T method showed good reproducibility, high linearity and small isotopic fractionation. MDLs were determined by consecutive calculation of the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C mean values. The last concentration for which the\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C value was within this iterative interval and for which the standard deviation was lower than \u00b10.5\u2030 for triplicate measurements was defined as the MDL. MDLs for monoaromatic compounds between 0.07 and 0.35\u2009\u00b5g\/L are the lowest values reported so far for continuous\u2010flow isotope ratio measurements using an automated system. MDLs for halogenated hydrocarbons were between 0.76 and 27\u2009\u00b5g\/L. The environmental applicability of the P&amp;T\u2010GC\/IRMS method in the low\u2010\u00b5g\/L range was demonstrated in a case study on groundwater samples from a former military air field contaminated with VOCs. Copyright \u00a9 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,17]],"date-time":"2006-11-17T06:09:07Z","timestamp":1163743747000},"page":"3639-3648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["A new approach to determine method detection limits for compound\u2010specific isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maik A.","family":"Jochmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Blessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan B.","family":"Haderlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten C.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Alternatives for Groundwater Cleanup","author":"National Research Council","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","unstructured":"Measurement of Purgeable Organic Compounds in Water byCapillary Column Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry; Method 524.4 Revision 4.0 US Environmental Protection Agency: Cincinnati OH 1992."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00057-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00058-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es9701873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(98)00877-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac960635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0504587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aheh.19960240104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es053352k"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9908852"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00056-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation. 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