{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T09:25:46Z","timestamp":1771233946574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,5]],"date-time":"2008-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To effectively mitigate emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O) it is essential to understand the biochemical pathways by which it is produced. The\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    O signature of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O is increasingly used to characterize these processes. However, assumptions on the origin of the O atom and resultant isotopic composition of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O that are based on reaction stoichiometry may be questioned. In particular, our deficient knowledge on O exchange between H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O and nitrogen oxides during N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O production complicates the interpretation of the\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    O signature of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Here we studied O exchange during N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O formation in soil, using a novel combination of\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    O and\n                    <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                    N tracing. Twelve soils were studied, covering soil and land\u2010use variability across Europe. All soils demonstrated the significant presence of O exchange, as incorporation of O from\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    O\u2010enriched H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O into N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O exceeded their maxima achievable through reaction stoichiometry. Based on the retention of the enrichment ratio of\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    O and\n                    <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                    N of NO\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3859:tex2gif-stack-1\"\/>\n                    into N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, we quantified O exchange during denitrification. Up to 97% (median 85%) of the N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\u2010O originated from H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O instead of from the denitrification substrate NO\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-2.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3859:tex2gif-stack-2\"\/>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We conclude that in soil, the main source of atmospheric N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O, the\n                    <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                    O signature of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O is mainly determined by H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O due to O exchange between nitrogen oxides and H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O. This also challenges the assumption that the O of N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O originates from O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and NO\n                    <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-3.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:09514198:media:RCM3859:tex2gif-stack-3\"\/>\n                    , in ratios reflecting reaction stoichiometry. Copyright \u00a9 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,5]],"date-time":"2008-12-05T10:25:53Z","timestamp":1228472753000},"page":"104-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["The\n                    <sup>18<\/sup>\n                    O signature of biogenic nitrous oxide is determined by O exchange with water"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"D. M.","family":"Kool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Wrage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Oenema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Van Groenigen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Denitrification, Nitrification and Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide","author":"Crutzen PJ","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5344.1774"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/347058a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/28828"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012088447-6\/50005-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD008330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(96)00073-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/317349a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(90)90068-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/372765a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2007.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B3025","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GB002527","volume":"20","author":"Menyailo OV","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glob. 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