{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:28:52Z","timestamp":1791278932056,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hydrogen isotopic analysis of organic materials has been widely applied in studies of paleoclimate, animal migration, forensics, food and flavor authentication, and the origin and diagenesis of organic matter. Hydrogen bound to carbon (C\u2010H) generally retains isotopic information about the water present during organic matter synthesis and associated biosynthetic fractionations, but hydrogen bound to other elements (O, S, or N) can readily exchange with atmospheric water vapor and reflects recent exposure to water or vapor. These two pools must be separated to obtain meaningful information from isotope ratios of organic materials. Previously published analytical methods either replace exchangeable H chemically or control its isotopic composition, usually by equilibration with water or waters of known isotopic composition. In addition, the fraction of H that is exchangeable can vary among samples and is itself of scientific interest. Here we report an improved and automated double\u2010equilibration approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Samples are loaded in a 50\u2010position autosampler carousel in an air\u2010tight aluminum equilibration chamber. Water vapor of known isotopic composition is pumped through the chamber at 115\u00b0C for at least 6\u2009h. After flushing with dry N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and being cooled, the carousel is rapidly transferred from the equilibration chamber to a He\u2010purged autosampler attached to a pyrolysis elemental analyzer connected to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. By equilibrating two aliquots of each sample with two isotopically distinct waters, it is possible to calculate both (1) the D\/H ratio of non\u2010exchangeable H, and (2) the fraction of H that is exchangeable. Relative to previous double\u2010equilibration techniques, this approach offers significant reductions in sample size and labor by allowing simultaneous equilibration of several tens of samples. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T10:01:31Z","timestamp":1235469691000},"page":"949-956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Simplified batch equilibration for D\/H determination of non\u2010exchangeable hydrogen in solid organic material"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Sauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arndt","family":"Schimmelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex L.","family":"Sessions","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Topalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(76)90251-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2004.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2006.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orggeochem.2007.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050068"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050872"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1650\/0010-5422(2001)103[0011:UHIGTE]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-004-1813-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(02)00064-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.34.031405.125011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(99)00221-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(00)00520-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(93)90320-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004420050067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00021a013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es990804i"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2743"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2004.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","unstructured":"CoplenTB. Provisional ed. IUPAC in review."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.147.3657.463"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1025601031000096781"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"281","volume":"22","author":"Grinsted MJ","year":"1979","journal-title":"New Zeal. J. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","unstructured":"For details seehttp:\/\/mypage.iu.edu\/\u223caschimme\/hc.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","author":"Topalov K","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geol. Soc. Am. NE Regional Meeting Abstracts with Program"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.dexmet.com\/Expanded\u2010Metal\/metal\u2010foil\u2010product\u2010range.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(88)90122-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(03)00138-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(01)00059-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","author":"Mastalerz M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Coal Geol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","author":"Schimmelmann A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00054a024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac701716q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","unstructured":"ParrRM ClementsSA.Intercomparison of Enriched Stable Isotope Reference Materials for Medical and Biological Studies IAEA Report NAHRES\u20105 International Atomic Energy Agency 1991."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","unstructured":"DrobniakA MastalerzM SchimmelmannA SauerP. In33rd CSCOP\u201024th TSOP\u201059th ICCP Annual Meetings. Unconventional Petroleum Systems and Advances in Organic Petrology and Geochemistry Abstract VolumeVictoria B.C. Canada 2007;56."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","author":"Schimmelmann A","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(94)90470-7"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcm.3954","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.3954","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:12:27Z","timestamp":1761495147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.3954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.3954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.3954","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]]}}}