{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:43:27Z","timestamp":1785937407431,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]],"date-time":"2009-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,30]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n The precise\n \u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C value of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is important for various types of ecological studies. Without a preservation agent, microbial degradation of organic compounds continues in water samples and the\n \u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C value of DIC will become more depleted with time. HgCl\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n or acidification is often used to prevent microbial activity in water samples collected for carbon isotope ratio analyses of DIC. Mercury compounds are toxic and result in waste disposal problems. Other inhibiting agents or preservation methods are therefore needed. Two possible solutions are to use copper sulphate (CuSO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n ) as a preservative agent or to acidify water samples with phosphoric acid (H\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n PO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n ) within 12\u2009mL measurement Exetainers\u00ae (septum\u2010capped vials). We prepared a set of lake water samples in three types of vials: glass vials with silicone\/PTFE septa, high\u2010density polyethylene vials (HD\u2010PE, scintillation vials) and Exetainers (12\u2009mL) with butyl rubber septa. Samples in glass and PE vials were preserved with and without CuSO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n , whereas lake water was injected into the Exetainer and acidified with H\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n PO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n . Isotope ratios were measured in two laboratories over 6 months. The\n \u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C values of DIC systematically increased with storage time for samples preserved in glass and PE vials with and without CuSO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n . A strong correlation between a decrease of CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n concentration and an increase in DIC\n \u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C values was found. The\n \u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C values and DIC concentrations were stable for 6 months in acidified samples stored in Exetainers with butyl rubber septa. Therefore, we conclude that the best method for up to 6 months of storage is to inject samples in the field into butyl rubber septum capped Exetainers\u00ae containing H\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n PO\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n , thereby avoiding the use of preservatives. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]],"date-time":"2009-07-14T10:54:56Z","timestamp":1247568896000},"page":"2507-2510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The influence of preservation method and time on the\n \u03b4<\/i>\n 13<\/sup>\n C value of dissolved inorganic carbon in water samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sami J.","family":"Taipale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloni","family":"Sonninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0702.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","unstructured":"MookWG.PhD thesis University of Groningen 1968."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.6833"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es010661b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(98)00080-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4203(99)00102-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044451114-0\/50012-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"159","volume":"48","author":"Capasso G","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Geophys."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10256010500230023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","unstructured":"BenjaminMM.Water Chemistry McGraw Series in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","unstructured":"Available:http:\/\/list.uvm.edu\/cgi\u2010bin\/wa?A1=ind0810&L=ISOGEOCHEM(accessed 3.10.2008)."}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcm.4072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.4072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:45:26Z","timestamp":1761489926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.4072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.4072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.4072","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]]}}}