{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T04:28:53Z","timestamp":1787113733179,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,18]],"date-time":"2009-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) in combination with the two desorption\/ionization methods, electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization (AP\u2010MALDI), for the detection of antioxidants which are applied in lubricants. These experiments should form the base for future investigations of antioxidants in tribologically formed thin layers on the surface of frictional systems. Seventeen different antioxidants were selected out of the group of hindered phenolic and aromatic aminic compounds. Practically all antioxidants could be characterized by positive ion ESI\u2010 and AP\u2010MALDI\u2010ITMS, forming various types\/species of molecular ions (e.g. [M]\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      +\n                      <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    , [M+H]\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , [M+Na]\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    or [M\u20132H+H]\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). A few compounds could be analyzed by negative ion ESI\u2010MS, too, but none by negative ion AP\u2010MALDI\u2010MS. The influence of target materials in AP\u2010MALDI\u2010MS (gold\u2010 and titanium nitride (TiN)\u2010covered stainless steel, micro\u2010diamond\u2010covered hard metal, hand\u2010polished and sand\u2010blasted stainless steel targets) with respect to the molecular ion intensity and type of molecular ion of two selected antioxidants was evaluated. The surface properties are of particular interest because in friction tests different materials with different surface characteristics are used. However, the MS results indicate that optimal target surfaces have to be found for individual antioxidants in AP\u2010MALDI\u2010MS but in general smooth surfaces were superior to rough surfaces. Finally the gold\u2010covered stainless steel MALDI target provided the best mass spectra and was selected for all the antioxidants investigated. Copyright \u00a9 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,18]],"date-time":"2009-11-18T06:30:24Z","timestamp":1258525824000},"page":"3917-3927","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization mass spectrometry of antioxidants applied in lubricants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kassler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"Pittenauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Doerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guenter","family":"Allmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780824747404.pt1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Tribology Data Handbook","author":"Rizvi SQA","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JAI13498"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040\u20106031(02)00511\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520\u2010667X(2000)12:11<585::AID.\u2010MCS40>3.0.CO;2\u2010O"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141\u20103910(02)00116\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141\u20103910(01)00241\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141\u20103910(02)00047\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.2921"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010007\u20101730\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11249\u2010004\u20108078\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040\u20106090(03)01064\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339\u2010007\u20104171\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma. 2007.04.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.970"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4913"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00011a009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00018a032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00038a015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2004. 11.021"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcm.4326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcm.4326","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.4326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:34:39Z","timestamp":1761485679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.4326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,18]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.4326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.4326","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,18]]}}}