{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:25:30Z","timestamp":1773404730342,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]],"date-time":"2012-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RATIONALE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexual assault crimes are vastly underreported and suffer from alarmingly low prosecution and conviction rates. The key scientific method to aid in prosecution of such cases is forensic DNA analysis, where biological evidence such as semen collected using a rape test kit is used to determine a suspect's DNA profile. However, the growing awareness by criminals of the importance of DNA in the prosecution of sexual assaults has resulted in increased condom use by assailants as a means to avoid leaving behind their DNA. Thus, other types of trace evidence are important to help corroborate victims' accounts, exonerate the innocent, link suspects to the crime, or confirm penetration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART\u2010MS) was employed for the comprehensive characterization of non\u2010DNA trace evidence associated with sexual assault. The ambient ionization method associated with DART\u2010MS is extremely rapid and samples are processed instantaneously, without the need for extraction, sample preparation, or other means that might compromise forensic evidence for future analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a single assay, we demonstrated the ability to identify lubricant formulations associated with sexual assault, such as the spermicide nonoxynol\u20109, compounds used in condom manufacture, and numerous other trace components as probative evidence. In addition, the method can also serve to identify compounds within trace biological residues, such as fatty acids commonly identified in latent fingerprints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Characterization of lubricant residues as probative evidence serves to establish a connection between the victim and the perpetrator, and the availability of these details may lead to higher rates of prosecution and conviction, as well as more severe penalties. The methodology described here opens the way for the adoption of a comprehensive, rapid, and sensitive analysis for use in crime labs, while providing knowledge that can inform and guide criminal justice policy and practice. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,30]],"date-time":"2012-03-30T05:21:19Z","timestamp":1333084879000},"page":"1039-1046","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for analysis of sexual assault evidence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rabi A.","family":"Musah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University at Albany  State University of New York (SUNY), 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Cody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JEOL USA, Inc.  11 Dearborn Rd Peabody MA 01960 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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