{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:11:57Z","timestamp":1761513117843,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]],"date-time":"2012-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1334275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RATIONALE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly employed for the discovery of clinical biomarkers. However, due to sensitivity limitations related to in\u2010source ionization yield, many potential biomarkers are not detected by standard mass spectrometers. Therefore, more efficient ion\u2010source technologies are needed to improve MS applications in biomarker discovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among novel ion\u2010source technologies, Surface\u2010Activated Chemical Ionization (SACI), although endowed with high sensitivity linked to its ability to reduce chemical noise in mass spectra, has seen limited application in biomarker discovery to date, due to its selectivity for highly polar compounds. However, in combination with an Electrospray Ionization (ESI) source, SACI selectivity can be enlarged in the range of less polar compounds. To validate the new SACI\u2010ESI approach in biomarker discovery, we applied it to a translational setting in oncology. We performed MS profiles of 101 human serum samples from a male population, aged 40 or older, coming to the clinic for prostate cancer evaluation based on multiple PSA exams, digital rectal examination and echography. The SACI\u2010ESI MS spectra were analyzed and classified with an innovative bioinformatic approach based on the MS\u2010search freeware developed in house.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here we demonstrate that the SACI\u2010ESI combination can produce MS spectra with greater sensitivity and lower noise than those obtained with the common ESI alone. We found that the SACI\u2010ESI combination increased the number of detectable compounds and produced better quality of profiles in liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with MS (LC\/MS) analysis of human serum samples, improving disease prediction potential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SACI\u2010ESI can facilitate MS\u2010based discovery of potential biomarkers in human serum. Combined with the proposed bioinformatic approach (based on XCMS and NIST data elaboration) for the analysis of the MS spectra obtained, the potential for developing biomarkers with diagnostic capabilities are demonstrated in a prostate cancer diagnosis clinical setting. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]],"date-time":"2012-04-13T04:27:45Z","timestamp":1334291265000},"page":"1213-1218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surface\u2010activated chemical ionization\u2013electrospray ionization source improves biomarker discovery with mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Sogno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Pole IRCCS MultiMedica  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (I.R.S.T.)  Meldola Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Consonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Unit MultiMedica  Castellanza (VA) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"Noonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Pole IRCCS MultiMedica  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Dept of Biotechnology and Life Sciences University of Insubria  Varese Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Albini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science and Technology Pole IRCCS MultiMedica  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.171405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3640"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201000588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.10062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/bio.09.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00280a023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.20246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.20143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9888(200007)35:7<804::AID-JMS22>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac051437y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156800908783769382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000132133.10470.bb"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"Available:http:\/\/metlin.scripps.edu\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3904"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcm.6208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.6208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:54:17Z","timestamp":1761490457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.6208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.6208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.6208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0951-4198"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-0231"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,13]]}}}