{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:13:26Z","timestamp":1761513206419,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"abstract":"\n RATIONALE<\/jats:title>\n \n Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is an important technique for the characterization of proteins at surfaces. However, interpretation of the mass spectra is complicated owing to confusion with peaks from contaminants and the substrate which is further compounded by complex fragmentation mechanisms. We test a new development of the G\u2010SIMS method called the\n g<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010ogram to separate out spectral components without\n a priori<\/jats:italic>\n information about which peaks to include in the analysis and which peaks relate to each component.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n \n The effectiveness of the\n g<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010ogram method is investigated using a model system of lysozyme adsorbed onto a silicon wafer and indium tin oxide substrates. In the method, two SIMS spectra are acquired using Bi\n +<\/jats:sup>\n and Mn\n +<\/jats:sup>\n primary ions which create lower and higher fragmentation in the spectra, respectively. The\n g<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010ogram separates out components using a separation parameter that is related to the fragmentation energy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n g<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010ogram separates the spectrum of lysozyme adsorbed onto a silicon wafer into three components: (i) the substrate and PDMS contamination; (ii) a second, but unexpected, contaminant; and (iii) peaks from the protein amino acids. Similar results are achieved for the indium tin oxide substrate. In addition, evidence of fragments from plural amino acids with two candidate peaks at 140.12 Da and 185.08 Da is observed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n g<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010ogram method effectively separates out mass peaks relating to the substrate, contamination and protein without any\n a priori<\/jats:italic>\n information or subjective decisions about which peaks to include in the analysis (so called 'peak picking'). This is a great help to analysts. We find two possible peaks from plural amino acids but no evidence of pluralities is found for peaks above 240 Da that are generated from when using Bi or Mn primary ions. Copyright \u00a9 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,4]],"date-time":"2012-11-04T22:06:02Z","timestamp":1352066762000},"page":"2815-2821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Identification and separation of protein, contaminant and substrate peaks using gentle\u2010secondary ion mass spectrometry and the\n g<\/i>\n \u2010ogram"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Satoka","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shimane University \u2013 Regional Environmental Sciences 1060 Nishikawatsu\u2010cho Matsue Shimane 690\u20108504 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian S.","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Mihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kuraray Co., Ltd. \u2013 Kurashiki Research Center 2045\u20101 Kurashiki Okayama 710\u20100801 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin P.","family":"Seah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian W.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intertek MSG Wilton Centre Redcar TS10 4RF UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4959"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2011.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp208035x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la020022u"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0210749"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2006.02.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2008.05.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00058a021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0927-7765(96)01253-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199807)41:1<95::AID-JBM12>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la001209t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2004.03.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3922"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.3070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200347a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4332(02)00757-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4332(00)00317-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.2989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444900006685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2008.05.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2005.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.3457"},{"volume-title":"The Static SIMS Library","year":"2003","author":"Vickerman J. 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