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Since trace elements to Ca ratios of marine microfossil calcite test of foraminifera record environmental and ecological habitat information, we used femtosecond (fs) LA\u2010ICP\u2010MS to obtain accurate chamber\u2010by\u2010chamber Mg\/Ca, Sr\/Ca, and Na\/Ca of four foraminifera species to clarify the impact of foraminiferal depth migration on paleoceanographic reconstruction. The Mg\/Ca and Sr\/Ca ratios were measured with precision better than 5%, fulfilling the accuracy typically required for paleoceanographic reconstructions. We also examined the differences in element ratios due to the pretreatment cleaning methods for extracting accurate paleoceanographic information.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fsLA\u2010ICP\u2010MS has the advantage of less matrix and instrumental element fractionation effects on elements with high condensation temperatures. We also applied the use of multiple carbonate standard materials for concentration standardization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The fsLA\u2010ICP\u2010MS analysis was optimized using a spot size of 30\u2009\u03bcm or larger with a laser repetition frequency of 5 to 15\u2009Hz in a circular analytical trajectory. A comparison between ultrasonic and oxidative cleaning protocols revealed that oxidative test cleaning with perchloric acid and hydrogen peroxide achieved higher reproducibility and more efficient impurity removal compared to ultrasonic cleaning with ultrapure water and methanol. Repeated analysis on the same chambers of two species,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>O. universa<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>P. obliquiloculata<\/jats:italic>\n                      , yielded mean relative standard deviations for Mg\/Ca and Sr\/Ca of &lt;\u20095%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A quantitative method was rapidly developed for determination of Mg, Sr, and Na to ratios of biogenic carbonates of foraminifera.\n                      <jats:italic>T. sacculifer<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed no chamber\u2010by\u2010chamber Mg\/Ca variation in calcifying temperature, but average test Mg\/Ca temperature decreased by 1.4\u00b0C with the addition of the final sac\u2010like chamber and final calcite layer.\n                      <jats:italic>G. menardii<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed a ~7\u00b0C difference among chambers suggesting upward migration in the shallow part of the thermocline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T04:57:43Z","timestamp":1768885063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chamber\u2010by\u2010Chamber Measurements of Planktonic Foraminiferal Mg, Sr, and Na to Ca Ratios With Femtosecond LA\u2010ICP\u2010MS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0478-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biogeochemistry Research Center 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