{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:45:20Z","timestamp":1775976320011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82404946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019398","name":"Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YYZZ202353"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YYZZ202353"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over 70% of diabetic patients die from cardiovascular disease, in which diabetic heart disease (DHD) is an important cause of death in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is hence imperative to explore the simple, rapid, and economical method for diagnosing DHD from T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T2D and DHD patients were recruited, and their serum samples were used for metabolomic analysis to identify differential metabolites. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to identify candidate biomarkers. Moreover, four machine learning methods were used to construct the integrated biomarker profiling (IBP) models with the candidate biomarkers. Gini impurity was employed to select characteristic candidate biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty\u2010four differential metabolites were identified in the serum of 58 T2D and 62 DHD patients. Logistic regression analysis indicated that 17 differential metabolites were protective factors, whereas 39 were risk factors for DHD. Further, 29 differential metabolites were identified as the candidate biomarkers of DHD after receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. After comparing the predictive performance of the four machine learning models, the IBP was constructed based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with six candidate biomarkers, which were sphingomyelin (d18:0\/16:1), deoxycholic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, phosphatidylcholine (20:5\/18:3), L\u2010tryptophan, and N\u2010undecanoylglycine from the ranked results of Gini impurity. The accuracy of the IBP for distinguishing T2D and DHD reached 88.89%, with a 100% accuracy in predicting DHD from T2D patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IBP, composed of six metabolites, can effectively predict DHD from T2D, and it is expected to become a screening indicator for early\u2010stage DHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:04:31Z","timestamp":1769771071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["UHPLC\u2010Q\u2010Orbitrap HRMS\u2010Based Machine Learning Constructs the Integrated Biomarker Profiling of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jianglan","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2985-3798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical\u2010Based Innovative Drug R&amp;D of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010018\u20100703\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967\u2010021\u201003217\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00058.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i4.383"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(14)70219\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1425534"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581\u2010023\u201000747\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1375400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10\u20109990"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.120.317604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00256.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8779"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29561"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256\u2010020\u20100180\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753\u20100407.70012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.067231"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201001686\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010022\u201001494\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11670"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tip.2018.2834830"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098\u2010023\u201001124\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726\u2010022\u201003161\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102021\u2010324053"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311572"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.100976"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c07467"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2024.101944"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09922"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.794103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1004617"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114177"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.123.015051"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.70044","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rcm.70044","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.70044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T06:00:24Z","timestamp":1775973624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.70044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.70044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.70044","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70044"}}