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The APPI source consists of a VUV lamp that was encased in a custom 3D\u2010printed apparatus. Using\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010xylene as the testing standard, the effects of pressure, axial RF voltage, aperture voltage, and humidity on the instrument were investigated and optimized. Operating at 0.8\u2009Torr with ambient air as the buffer gas, the instrument showed linearity from 25 to 500\u2009ppbV for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and\n                    <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010xylene without preconcentration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T12:15:58Z","timestamp":1770120958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of an Atmospheric\u2010Pressure Photoionization Source for VOC Detection With a Miniature High\u2010Pressure Mass Spectrometer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Alan\u00a0M.","family":"Rowland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Furman University  Greenville South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen\u00a0E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furman University  Greenville South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella\u00a0F.","family":"Vandergriff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furman University  Greenville South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furman University  Greenville South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David\u00a0P.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furman University  Greenville South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin\u00a0P.","family":"Schultze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"908 Devices Inc.  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