{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:14:20Z","timestamp":1788264860996,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Rationale<\/jats:title>\n Nitrogen isotope values have been widely used for tracing ancient biogeochemical processes, but contaminant\u2010sensitive materials, such as Precambrian sedimentary rocks, meteorites, or returned extraterrestrial samples, often have low nitrogen levels and are thus vulnerable to modern organic contamination. However, the polluting effects of laboratory solvents commonly used for organic decontamination of such materials remain unquantified for nitrogen contents and isotopic ratios.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Four pre\u2010treatment protocols using the common organic solvents dichloromethane (DCM),\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hexane, and ethanol were applied to powdered quartz controls to evaluate their pollution of nitrogen concentrations and isotopic compositions. The least polluting protocol was then applied to chert samples with low nitrogen contents to assess its effectiveness in recovering primary nitrogen signatures.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Comparison of total nitrogen contents before and after pre\u2010treatments indicates that DCM introduced the most nitrogen pollution, followed by ethanol, with\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hexane causing the least. DCM\u2010only and DCM with ethanol pre\u2010treatments showed a large deviation of\n \u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values compared to untreated controls, while the ethanol\u2010only pre\u2010treatment showed a positive shift in\n \u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values. Both\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hexane\u2010only and\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hexane with ethanol pre\u2010treatments showed consistent\n \u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values with the untreated controls. While\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hexane\u2010only pre\u2010treatment had the least effect on total nitrogen content and the nitrogen isotopic composition of the untreated controls, the use of double\u2010solvent pre\u2010treatment with differing polarities is recommended to address the broad range of modern contaminants found in nature.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010hexane followed by ethanol pre\u2010treatment provided the optimal outcome for pre\u2010treatment and can effectively remove modern nitrogen contamination in samples with as little as 9\u2009ppm total nitrogen without indigenous isotopic values being obscured by reagent\u2010derived nitrogen pollution.\n <\/jats:p>\n 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