{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:58:07Z","timestamp":1790927887756,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In electrospray ionization\u2013mass spectrometry (ESI\u2010MS), ESI configurations such as orthogonal spray arrangements are often used to suppress droplet introduction into the vacuum chamber, but they can also reduce the ion flux into the vacuum region. Previous methods that electrostatically deflected ions toward the vacuum inlet using a single electrode achieved signal enhancement but could not adequately control deflection position, limiting performance. Therefore, we investigated whether adding a second deflection electrode to create a more localized electric field could further increase ion flux into the vacuum region and enhance sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Electrostatic analysis was performed using a two\u2010dimensional cross\u2010sectional model for three ion\u2010source configurations: no electrode, single\u2010plate electrode, and dual electrodes (plate and cylindrical rod). For experimental evaluation, direct\u2010infusion experiments (100\u2009\u03bcL\u2009min\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were performed using reserpine (\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009609.3) and a CsI\/diethylamine mixture spanning\n                      <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      values of 74\u2013912, and electrode voltages were stepped (E1, 0\u20135\u2009kV; E2, 1\u20133\u2009kV). Flow\u2010injection analysis (FIA) of reserpine (0.5\u201320\u2009ng\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was conducted to evaluate quantitative performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Electrostatic analysis showed that the dual\u2010electrode configuration concentrated the inlet\u2010directed field near the inlet and suppressed the unwanted field above it. Experimentally, the dual\u2010electrode configuration increased the reserpine signal by 3.3\u2010fold compared with the configuration without electrodes. Across five chemically diverse ions, signal enhancements were obtained. For singly charged species, the gain scaled inversely with collision cross\u2010section, indicating a specific benefit for low\u2010ion\u2010mobility analytes. FIA yielded a 4.0\u2010fold increase in the calibration curve slope and halved the lower limit of quantification without degrading linearity (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.998).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Localizing the electric field using two deflection electrodes enhances ion signal intensity, sensitivity, and quantitative limits in the ESI source configuration examined here. These results indicate that spatial control of the deflection field is an effective strategy for improving ion transmission in an orthogonal ESI source.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T02:15:26Z","timestamp":1787192126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sensitivity Enhancement by Dual Deflection Electrodes in an Electrospray Ionization Source"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0088-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motoki","family":"Date","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi Ltd.  Chiyoda Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3431-3785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun","family":"Kumano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi Ltd.  Chiyoda Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2212-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masuyuki","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi Ltd.  Chiyoda Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi Ltd.  Chiyoda Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hitachi High\u2010Tech Analysis Corporation  Hitachinaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2675315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","article-title":"Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Technique to Access the Information Beyond the Molecular Weight of the Analyte","volume":"1","author":"Banerjee S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ansa.70024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00149a003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00018a017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"Applied Electrospray Mass Spectrometry","author":"Cole R. B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9888(199903)34:3<157::AID-JMS804>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b01555"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2006.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.4c00100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203909270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10711-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-100379-4.00199-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1290050612"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.2c00111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b02348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp8047086"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.70159","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rcm.70159","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.70159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:52:05Z","timestamp":1790927525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.70159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.70159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.70159","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70159"}}