{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:53:41Z","timestamp":1791183221347,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,15]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Rationale<\/jats:title>\n Stable isotope measurements in odontocete teeth can be used to reconstruct lifetime ecology, but some pre\u2010treatments may introduce bias. Isolating dentine collagen with HCl decalcification, removing the organic matrix or drying dentine prior to the analysis of structural carbonates can introduce unintended variability, limiting comparability among studies and populations. This study tested pre\u2010treatment methods to quantify their effects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Killer whale teeth were sectioned, annual growth layers microdrilled, and powder allocated to treatments. For collagen \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C and \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N, 75 samples were analysed via EA\u2010IRMS as untreated bulk dentine and after 0.25\u2009N HCl decalcification. For structural carbonate \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C and \u03b4\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n O, treatment with 30% H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n was compared with plasma\u2010ashing and with no treatment (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200916); and we examined the removal of residual water by comparing samples oven\u2010dried at 80\u00b0C or 100\u00b0C with untreated samples (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200910). All samples for carbonate analysis were injected with 104% orthophosphoric acid to generate CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , which was analysed using continuous\u2010flow IRMS.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n HCl decalcification caused mass loss (96.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0%) but yielded collagen of an acceptable quality (C:\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20093.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2). Compared with untreated dentine, collagen \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C decreased (\u0394median\u2009=\u2009\u22120.34\u2030) while \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N did not differ significantly. Organic\u2010matrix removal treatments altered both isotopes: plasma\u2010ashed samples showed large negative shifts compared with untreated samples in \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C (\u0394median\u2009=\u2009\u22129.04\u2030) and \u03b4\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n O (\u0394mean\u2009=\u2009\u221213.48\u2030) and reduced measurable carbon. H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n treatments lowered \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C relative to untreated samples (\u0394mean\u2009=\u2009\u22120.93\u2030) but showed no consistent \u03b4\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n O effect. Drying at 80\u00b0C minimised \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C and \u03b4\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n O variability.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n HCl decalcification is recommended before \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C and \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N collagen analysis of killer whale dentine, or a \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C correction factor (here \u22120.34\u2030) should be applied. Treatments were unsuitable when undertaking structural carbonate analyses of hydroxyapatite: we suggest that untreated powder oven\u2010dried overnight at 80\u00b0C should be used, and we emphasise the importance of pre\u2010treatment tests prior to any new study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:00:47Z","timestamp":1789534847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stable Isotope Analysis (\u03b4\n 13<\/sup>\n C, \u03b4\n 15<\/sup>\n N and \u03b4\n 18<\/sup>\n O) of Killer Whale Dentine: Evaluating Treatment Methods and Establishing Best Practices"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maeva","family":"Terrapon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Mammal Research Unit University of St Andrews St Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2381-8302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip S.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sea Mammal Research Unit University of St Andrews St Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rona A. R.","family":"McGill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Environmental Isotope Facility SUERC East Kilbride UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7594-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Environmental Isotope Facility SUERC East Kilbride UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Dougans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Environmental Isotope Facility SUERC East Kilbride UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cory J. 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