{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:26:03Z","timestamp":1785234363409,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RATIONALE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traditionally, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stable isotope analysis (SIA) is performed using either offline sample preparation followed by elemental analyzer\/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA\/IRMS) or a wet chemical oxidation (WCO)\u2010based device coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The first method is time\u2010consuming and laborious. The second involves the risks of underestimation of DOC concentration and isotopic fractionation due to incomplete oxidation. The development of an analytical method for accurate and sensitive DOC SIA is described in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high\u2010temperature combustion (HTC) system improves upon traditional methods. A novel total organic carbon (TOC) system, specially designed for SIA, was coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. An integrated purge and trap technique (peak focusing), flexible injection volume (0.05\u20133\u00a0mL), favorable carrier gas flow, modified ash crucible, new design of combustion tube and optimized drying system were used to achieve the necessary performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The system can reliably measure concentrations up to 1000 mgC\/L. Compounds resistant to oxidation, such as barbituric acid, melamine and humic acid, were analyzed with recovery rates of 100\u2009\u00b1\u20091% proving complete oxidation. In this initial testing, the \u03b4\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C values of these compounds were determined with precision and trueness of \u22640.2\u2030 even with 3.5% salinity. Further tests with samples with low DOC concentrations resulted in LOQ\n                      <jats:sub>SIA method<\/jats:sub>\n                      values of 0.5 mgC\/L and 0.2 mgC\/L for LOQ\n                      <jats:sub>SIA instr<\/jats:sub>\n                      , considering an accuracy of \u00b10.5\u2030 as acceptable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novel HTC system coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer resulted in significantly improved sensitivity. The system is suitable for salt\u2010containing liquids and compounds that are resistant to oxidation, and it offers a large concentration range. A second paper (which follows this one in this issue) will present a more comprehensive assessment of the analytical performance with a broad set of solutions and real samples. This highly efficient TOC stable isotopic analyzer will probably open up new possibilities in biogeochemical carbon cycle research. Copyright \u00a9 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]],"date-time":"2014-10-27T03:52:02Z","timestamp":1414381922000},"page":"2559-2573","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A novel high\u2010temperature combustion based system for stable isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in aqueous samples. I: development and validation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-1671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Federherr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instrumental Analytical Chemistry University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Universit\u00e4tsstr. 5 45141 Essen Germany"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH  Donaustr. 7 63452 Hanau Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cerli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam  Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. M. S. A.","family":"Kirkels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam  Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kalbitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam  Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"Kupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH  Donaustr. 7 63452 Hanau Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Dunsbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH  Donaustr. 7 63452 Hanau Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH  Donaustr. 7 63452 Hanau Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. C.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instrumental Analytical Chemistry University of Duisburg\u2010Essen  Universit\u00e4tsstr. 5 45141 Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012323841-2\/50003-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(78)90120-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2010.02282.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-200004000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"293","volume-title":"Scope 13 \u2013 The Global Carbon Cycle","author":"Mopper K.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5670\/oceanog.2001.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.35.031306.140057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/219152a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2010.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"3532","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry","author":"Mopper K.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"ISO 8245:1999. 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