{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:47:50Z","timestamp":1790272070336,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]],"date-time":"2016-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cyprodinil is a fungicide active on grapes, strawberries, tomatoes, and many other fruits. Under UV\u2013visible irradiation, it undergoes photodegradation through various processes to form transformation products (TPs) whose structures and potential toxicities are unknown. The structures of the TPs were elucidated by comparing the photodegradation of cyprodinil and cyprodinil\u2010D\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The potential toxicities of these compounds were compared with that of cyprodinil.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aqueous solutions of cyprodinil were irradiated in a reactor equipped with a mercury vapor lamp. Analyses were carried out using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time\u2010of\u2010flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer or to a SolarixXR 9.4 Tesla Fourier transform (FT) mass spectrometer. High\u2010resolution mass measurements, MS\/MS and isotopic labeling experiments allowed structural elucidation of the cyprodinil TPs. The toxicities were estimated by three tests\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      using the TEST software and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      bioassays using\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio fischeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteria. These bioassays were carried out on irradiated solution for several exposure times and non\u2010irradiated solutions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The structures of 19 photoproducts were characterized by LC\/HRMS\/MS after 4\u00a0h of irradiation of a cyprodinil aqueous solution. The use of cyprodinil\u2010D\n                      <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                      allowed the TPs to be characterized with more confidence. Knowing the structure of the TPs allows the estimation of their potential toxicities by\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      tests. Most of the photoproducts are potentially more toxic than the parent compound, based on the oral rat LD50 values, and most of them might induce more developmental and mutagenic toxicities.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      assays on\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio fischeri<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteria showed that the global ecotoxicity of the cyprodinil solution significantly increases with irradiation time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structures of photoproducts were characterized after irradiation of a cyprodinil aqueous solution combining LC\/HRMS, LC\/HRMS\/MS and the use of a labeled compound. Their formations imply several photodegradation reactions, namely direct bond cleavages, cyclization, isomerization and hydroxylation. Most of the TPs exhibit a toxicity significantly higher than that of the parent molecule. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T11:52:59Z","timestamp":1469706779000},"page":"2201-2211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Photodegradation of cyprodinil under UV\u2013visible irradiation \u2013 chemical and toxicological approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Edith","family":"Nicol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  91128 Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houda","family":"Chayata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  91128 Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Genty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  91128 Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bouchonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  91128 Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bourcier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  91128 Palaiseau France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2780420304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2009.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2013.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(03)01105-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2011.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2008.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1586-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"113","volume-title":"British Crop Protection Council Symposium Proceedings","author":"Boxall A. 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