{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:35:52Z","timestamp":1761485752677,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry (LC\/MS\/MS) is the gold standard of urine drug testing. However, current LC\u2010based methods are time consuming, limiting the throughput of MS\u2010based testing and increasing the cost. This is particularly problematic for quantification of drugs such as phenobarbital, which is often analyzed in a separate run because they must be negatively ionized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the feasibility of using a dilute\u2010and\u2010shoot flow\u2010injection method without LC separation to quantify drugs with phenobarbital as a model system. Briefly, a urine sample containing phenobarbital was first diluted by 10 times, followed by flow injection of the diluted sample to mass spectrometer. Quantification and detection of phenobarbital were achieved by an electrospray negative ionization MS\/MS system operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the stable\u2010isotope\u2010labeled drug as internal standard.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dilute\u2010and\u2010shoot flow\u2010injection method developed was linear with a dynamic range of 50\u20132000\u00a0ng\/mL of phenobarbital and correlation coefficient\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.9996. The coefficients of variation and relative errors for intra\u2010 and inter\u2010assays at four quality control (QC) levels (50, 125, 445 and 1600\u00a0ng\/mL) were 3.0% and 5.0%, respectively. The total run time to quantify one sample was 2\u00a0min, and the sensitivity and specificity of the method did not deteriorate even after 1200 consecutive injections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our method can accurately and robustly quantify phenobarbital in urine without LC separation. Because of its 2\u00a0min run time, the method can process 720 samples per day. This feasibility study shows that the dilute\u2010and\u2010shoot flow\u2010injection method can be a general way for fast analysis of drugs in urine. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T07:05:05Z","timestamp":1476428705000},"page":"39-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A dilute\u2010and\u2010shoot flow\u2010injection tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of phenobarbital in urine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ravali","family":"Alagandula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Cleveland State University  2121 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44115 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Cleveland State University  2121 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44115 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baochuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Cleveland State University  2121 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44115 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Behavioral Health Trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health SAMHSA 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444325201"},{"volume-title":"Advanced Therapy in Epilepsy","year":"2009","author":"Wheless J. 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Technical Note Publication number: 4470111\u201301 AB SCIEX."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmr012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasms.2003.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"X.He A.Taylor A.Wang.Fast and simultaneous analysis of ethanol metabolites and barbiturates using the QTRAP\u00ae 4500 LC\u2013MS\/MS system. Document number: RUO\u2010MKT\u201002\u20103698\u2010A AB SCIEX."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"R.Lee A.Traynor J.LeCount M.Wood.Quantitative analysis of barbiturates in urine using UPLC\/MS\/MS. Application Note Waters Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"E.Steinbauer P.Friel R.Fu A.Zhai.Analyze barbiturates in urine with Agilent 6430 LC\/MS\/MS and Poroshell 120 EC\u2010C18. 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