{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T11:20:08Z","timestamp":1761477608150,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,12]],"date-time":"2017-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]]},"abstract":"\n Rationale<\/jats:title>\n The nitrated sugar alcohols mannitol hexanitrate (MHN), sorbitol hexanitrate (SHN) and xylitol pentanitrate (XPN) are in the same class of compounds as the powerful military\u2010grade explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and the homemade explosive erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) but, unlike for PETN and ETN, ways to detect MHN, SHN and XPN by mass spectrometry (MS) have not been fully investigated.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Atmospheric\u2010pressure chemical\u2010ionization mass spectrometry (APCI\u2010MS) was used to detect ions characteristic of nitrated sugar alcohols. APCI time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry (APCI\u2010TOF MS) and collision\u2010induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CID MS\/MS) were used for confirmation of each ion assignment. In addition, the use of the chemical ionization reagent dichloromethane was investigated to improve sensitivity and selectivity for detection of MHN, SHN and XPN.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n All the nitrated sugar alcohols studied followed similar fragmentation pathways in the APCI source. MHN, SHN and XPN were detectable as fragment ions formed by the loss of NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , HNO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , NO\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n , and CH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n groups, and in the presence of dichloromethane chlorinated adduct ions were observed. It was determined that in MS\/MS mode, chlorinated adducts of MHN and SHN had the lowest limits of detection (LODs), while for XPN the lowest LOD was for the [XPN\u2013NO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ]\n \u2013<\/jats:sup>\n fragment ion. Partially nitrated analogs of each of the three compounds were also present in the starting materials, and ions attributable to these compounds versus those formed from in\u2010source fragmentation of MHN, SHN, and XPN were distinguished and assigned using liquid chromatography APCI\u2010MS and ESI\u2010MS.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The APCI\u2010MS technique provides a selective and sensitive method for the detection of nitrated sugar alcohols. The methods disclosed here will benefit the area of explosives trace detection for counterterrorism and forensics. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T01:52:47Z","timestamp":1481248367000},"page":"333-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterization of nitrated sugar alcohols by atmospheric\u2010pressure chemical\u2010ionization mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alla","family":"Ostrinskaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technology Group MIT\u2010Lincoln Laboratory Lexington MA 02420 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jude A.","family":"Kelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technology Group MIT\u2010Lincoln Laboratory Lexington MA 02420 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roderick R.","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technology Group MIT\u2010Lincoln Laboratory Lexington MA 02420 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)01349-3"},{"volume-title":"Explosives Engineering","year":"1996","author":"Cooper P. 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