{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:01:47Z","timestamp":1777417307705,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]],"date-time":"2017-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Accurate hydrogen isotopic analysis of halogen\u2010 and sulfur\u2010bearing organics has not been possible with traditional high\u2010temperature conversion (HTC) because the formation of hydrogen\u2010bearing reaction products other than molecular hydrogen (H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is responsible for non\u2010quantitative H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      yields and possible hydrogen isotopic fractionation. Our previously introduced, new chromium\u2010based EA\u2010Cr\/HTC\u2010IRMS (Elemental Analyzer\u2013Chromium\/High\u2010Temperature Conversion Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry) technique focused primarily on nitrogen\u2010bearing compounds. Several technical and analytical issues concerning halogen\u2010 and sulfur\u2010bearing samples, however, remained unresolved and required further refinement of the reactor systems.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EA\u2010Cr\/HTC reactor was substantially modified for the conversion of halogen\u2010 and sulfur\u2010bearing samples. The performance of the novel conversion setup for solid and liquid samples was monitored and optimized using a simultaneously operating dual\u2010detection system of IRMS and ion trap MS. The method with several variants in the reactor, including the addition of manganese metal chips, was evaluated in three laboratories using EA\u2010Cr\/HTC\u2010IRMS (on\u2010line method) and compared with traditional uranium\u2010reduction\u2010based conversion combined with manual dual\u2010inlet IRMS analysis (off\u2010line method) in one laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The modified EA\u2010Cr\/HTC reactor setup showed an overall H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010recovery of more than 96% for all halogen\u2010 and sulfur\u2010bearing organic compounds. All results were successfully normalized\n                      <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>\n                      two\u2010point calibration with VSMOW\u2010SLAP reference waters. Precise and accurate hydrogen isotopic analysis was achieved for a variety of organics containing F\u2010, Cl\u2010, Br\u2010, I\u2010, and S\u2010bearing heteroelements. The robust nature of the on\u2010line EA\u2010Cr\/HTC technique was demonstrated by a series of 196 consecutive measurements with a single reactor filling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimized EA\u2010Cr\/HTC reactor design can be implemented in existing analytical equipment using commercially available material and is universally applicable for both heteroelement\u2010bearing and heteroelement\u2010free organic\u2010compound classes. The sensitivity and simplicity of the on\u2010line EA\u2010Cr\/HTC\u2010IRMS technique provide a much needed tool for routine hydrogen\u2010isotope source tracing of organic contaminants in the environment.  Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,17]],"date-time":"2016-12-17T11:21:53Z","timestamp":1481973713000},"page":"475-484","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Optimization of on\u2010line hydrogen stable isotope ratio measurements of halogen\u2010 and sulfur\u2010bearing organic compounds using elemental analyzer\u2013chromium\/high\u2010temperature conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA\u2010Cr\/HTC\u2010IRMS)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7177-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Gehre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry Helmholtz\u2010Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)  Permoserstrasse 15 D\u201004318 Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Renpenning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry Helmholtz\u2010Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)  Permoserstrasse 15 D\u201004318 Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Geilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Biogeochemistry  Beutenberg Campus, P.O. Box 100164 D\u201007701 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey  431 National Center Reston VA 20192 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler B.","family":"Coplen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey  431 National Center Reston VA 20192 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"K\u00fcmmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry Helmholtz\u2010Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)  Permoserstrasse 15 D\u201004318 Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalija","family":"Ivdra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Isotope Biogeochemistry Helmholtz\u2010Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)  Permoserstrasse 15 D\u201004318 Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Isodetect GmbH  Deutscher Platz 5b D\u201004103 Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willi A.","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Biogeochemistry  Beutenberg Campus, P.O. Box 100164 D\u201007701 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arndt","family":"Schimmelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geological Sciences Indiana University  Bloomington IN 47405\u20101405 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-5683-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9606766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac001447t"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-005-0160-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.06.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b00085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7662"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 5, Elemental and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry, Chapter 10, pp 749\u00a0\u2212\u00a0759","author":"Schimmelmann A.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b02475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/271534a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/9781847557889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10256016.2012.666977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es990406f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(53)90066-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4559"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3958"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1076"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bms.1200230613"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.3026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.5203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.6608"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","article-title":"Tables supporting optimization of on\u2010line hydrogen stable isotope\u2010ratio measurements of halogen\u2010 and sulfur\u2010bearing organic compounds using elemental analyzer\u2010chromium\/high\u2010temperature conversion\u2010isotope\u2010ratio mass spectrometry","author":"Gehre M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"U.S. Geological Survey data release"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcm.7810","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.7810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:21:22Z","timestamp":1761495682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.7810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.7810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.7810","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,9]]}}}