{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:14:25Z","timestamp":1792808065233,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analyzing tissue samples is routinely performed when liquid biological samples are not available for replicate analysis. Preparing complex matrices, such as tissue, for analysis can be time\u2010consuming. Traditional sample preparation methods typically begin with homogenization followed by a sample clean\u2010up step such as liquid\u2010liquid or solid\u2010phase extraction. Samples are typically eluted, evaporated and reconstituted prior to instrumental analysis. The aim of this project was to evaluate the utility of multi\u2010dimensional chromatography in reducing the amount of time from sample acquisition to analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tissue specimens were homogenized using a ceramic beads shaker. Homogenates were then diluted and loaded onto a mixed mode solid\u2010phase sorbent. The sorbent was washed, and the final eluate was transferred directly to vials without evaporation or reconstitution steps. Analysis was performed using a two\u2010dimensional (2D) ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) configuration with an At\u2010column dilution option coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The target analytes (xylazine and ketamine) were quantified under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive mode.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lowest limit of detection evaluated in this study was 0.01\u00a0ng\/mL. The linear dynamic range utilized was 0.1 to 10\u00a0ng\/mL. The concentrations for xylazine in their respective tissues ranged from 0 to 0.316\u00a0ng\/mL. Ketamine concentrations ranged from 0 to 0.905\u00a0ng\/mL. The overall time for sample preparation was reduced to 30\u00a0min. The total run time was 10\u00a0min.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of multidimensional chromatography with At\u2010column\u2010dilution allows for significant reduction in sample preparation time. The concentrations determined in these samples highlight the need for sensitive analytical techniques with the ability to detect analyte concentrations at sub ng\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T05:04:41Z","timestamp":1512623081000},"page":"295-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of ketamine and xylazine in complex matrices using two\u2010dimensional liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Malorie","family":"Mella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine  72 E. Concord St Boston MA 02118 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Schweitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine  72 E. Concord St Boston MA 02118 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabra","family":"Botch\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine  72 E. Concord St Boston MA 02118 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2511-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Mallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waters Corporation  34 Maple St Milford MA 01757 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"MarshallDR.Rules \u2013 1999 \u2013 Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Ketamine into Schedule III. August12 1999. Available:https:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/fed_regs\/rules\/1999\/fr0713.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Clarke's Analytical Forensic Toxicology","author":"Jones GR","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/anatox\/35.7.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bks045"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/31.7.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1098"},{"issue":"956","key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.02.007","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of 12 illicit drugs in whole blood and urine by solid phase extraction and UPLC\u2010MS\/MS.","volume":"955","author":"Zhang L","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","unstructured":"MalletCR.Multi\u2010Dimensional Chromatography Compendium: Trap & Elute vs AT\u2010Column Dilution. Waters Corporation 2015:720005339EN."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-007-1248-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2008.01.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.346"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.639"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw082"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00276a003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhrc.1240100517"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcm.8041","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.8041","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T16:31:00Z","timestamp":1761496260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.8041"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.8041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.8041","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]]}}}