{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:41:35Z","timestamp":1784022095871,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,9]],"date-time":"2019-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011693","name":"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J1\u20108156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J1\u20108156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analytical methods that can identify the source and fate of mercury and organomercury compounds are likely to be useful tools to investigate mercury in the environment. Carbon isotope ratio analysis of methylmercury (MeHg) together with mercury isotope ratios may offer a robust tool to study environmental cycling of organomercury compounds within fish tissues and other matrices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MeHg carbon isotope ratios were determined by gas chromatography\/combustion\u2010isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC\/C\u2010IRMS) either directly or following derivatization using sodium tetraethylborate. The effects of a normalization protocol and of derivatization on the measurement uncertainty of the methylmercury\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>VPDB<\/jats:sub>\n                      values were investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GC\/C\u2010IRMS analysis resulted in a\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>VPDB<\/jats:sub>\n                      value for an in\u2010house MeHg reference material of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>VPDB<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221268.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7\u2030 (combined standard uncertainty,\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091). This agreed very well with the value obtained by offline flow\u2010injection analysis\/chemical oxidation\/isotope ratio mass spectrometry of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>VPDB<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221268.85\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17\u2030 (combined standard uncertainty,\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) although the uncertainty was substantially larger. The minimum amount of MeHg required for analysis was determined to be 20\u2009\u03bcg.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While the\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C\n                      <jats:sub>VPDB<\/jats:sub>\n                      values of MeHg can be obtained by GC\/C\u2010IRMS methods with or without derivatization, the low abundance of MeHg precludes such analyses in fish tissues unless there is substantial MeHg contamination. Environmental samples with sufficient MeHg pollution can be studied using these methods provided that the MeHg can be quantitatively extracted. The more general findings from this study regarding derivatization protocol implementation within an autosampler vial as well as measurement uncertainty associated with derivatization, normalization to reporting scales and integration are applicable to other GC\/C\u2010IRMS\u2010based measurements.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T03:46:03Z","timestamp":1554867963000},"page":"1122-1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Practical and theoretical considerations for the determination of\n                    <i>\u03b4<\/i>\n                    <sup>13<\/sup>\n                    C\n                    <sub>VPDB<\/sub>\n                    values of methylmercury in the environment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3848-6187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.H.","family":"Dunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Measurement Laboratory LGC Limited  Queens Road Teddington TW11 0LY UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mine","family":"Bilsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK UME)  PO Box 54 41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"\u015eim\u015fek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK UME)  PO Box 54 41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet Ceyhan","family":"G\u00f6ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK UME)  PO Box 54 41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry Bezmialem Vak\u0131f University  34093 Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Tun\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUBITAK Ulusal Metroloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK UME)  PO Box 54 41470 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nives","family":"Ogrinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute  Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Horvat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute  Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Goenaga\u2010Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Measurement Laboratory LGC Limited  Queens Road Teddington TW11 0LY UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FutsaeterG WilsonS.The UNEP global mercury assessment: Sources emissions and transport. 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