{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:42:32Z","timestamp":1773819752863,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17\u201073\u201020089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\u201073\u201020089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dopants in ionic conductors play a crucial role in achieving the required electrochemical properties. A slight variation in their concentration considerably affects the conductivity of crystals and their applicability as ionic conductors and laser materials. To ensure the growth of high\u2010quality fluoride crystals, adequate approaches for the quantification of matrix and admixture\/dopant components are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A panel of SrF\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010 and GdF\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010doped LaF\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      single crystals was investigated. The electrical conductivity of the crystals was measured using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 100\u2009Hz\u20131\u2009MHz to control for crystal quality. Pulsed glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) was used to simultaneously quantify fluorine, strontium, lanthanum, and gadolinium in the crystals. X\u2010ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy\u2013energy dispersive X\u2013ray spectroscopy, and arc optical emission spectrometry were used for validation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Quasiperiodic intensity drifts under sputtering of the ionic conductors were observed and attributed to F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      redistribution on the sample surface, affecting surface conductivity and sputtering rate. Several sample preparation protocols were tested to address that effect. Full coating of the sample with a layer of silver several micrometers thick provided stable and effective sputtering. The parameters for the GDMS determination of F, Sr, La, and Gd were optimized. The elements' distribution was studied in different parts of the crystals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An analytical approach to the direct multi\u2010element analysis of fluoride\u2010containing ionic conductors using pulsed GDMS with La\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        1\u2212\n                        <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                        \u2212\n                        <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      Sr\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      Gd\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      F\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        3\u2212\n                        <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      as an example was designed and tested. Instability effects of ionic conductivity were explained and coped with, providing effective and stable sputtering.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]],"date-time":"2020-03-17T13:36:45Z","timestamp":1584452205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A study of matrix and admixture elements in fluorine\u2010rich ionic conductors by pulsed glow discharge mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1676-0202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Chuchina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3790-7311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4102-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yegor","family":"Lyalkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5493-1746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Glumov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4278-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Trefilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0328-550X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"Sorokina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7214-5917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Savinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6217-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolay","family":"Solovyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Technology Sligo  Ash Lane Sligo F91 YW50 Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Ganeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry St Petersburg State University  199034 St Petersburg Universitetskaya nab. 7\/9 Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Toxicology of Federal Medico\u2010Biological Agency  192019 St Petersburg ul. 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