{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:02:21Z","timestamp":1790215341719,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]]},"abstract":"\n Rationale<\/jats:title>\n \n The presence of lipids in animal tissues can influence the interpretation of stable isotope data, particularly in lipid\u2010rich tissues such as the skin and muscle of marine mammals. The traditionally employed chloroform\u2013methanol delipidation protocol has the potential to alter \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values in proteinaceous tissues. Our objective was to determine whether the use of cyclohexane could be an alternative extraction method, effectively removing lipids without altering \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Kidney, liver, muscle, and skin samples were collected from beach\u2010cast Sowerby's beaked whales (\n \n Mesoplodon bidens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Control subsamples were processed without delipidation extraction, and duplicate subsamples were extracted with either chloroform\u2013methanol or cyclohexane. \u03b4\n 13<\/jats:sup>\n C, \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N, and C:N values were determined by continuous\u2010flow elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Paired Wilcoxon tests were used to evaluate the change in isotope ratios after extraction, and unpaired Wilcoxon tests were used to evaluate differences in isotope ratios between extractions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Use of cyclohexane is an effective delipidation technique for tissues with low and moderate lipid content. Chemical delipidation influenced \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values; extracted samples generally showed an increase in \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values which varied from 0.0\u2030 to 1.7\u2030. Chloroform\u2013methanol extraction resulted in alterations to \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values greater than the analytical precision for all analyzed tissues. Changes to \u03b4\n 15<\/jats:sup>\n N values after cyclohexane extraction were at or near the analytical precision for liver and muscle but greater than the analytical precision for kidney and skin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n We recommend processing duplicate subsamples for stable isotope analysis, one with and one without extraction, in order to obtain accurate values for each isotope ratio. Prolonged chemical extractions are not necessary to effectively remove lipids. When samples are limited, we suggest using cyclohexane for tissues with low or moderate lipid content, and chloroform\u2013methanol for lipid\u2010rich tissues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8851","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T12:46:27Z","timestamp":1591188387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of two lipid removal methods for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis in whale tissue"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7482-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerri J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4995-736X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clive N.","family":"Trueman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean and Earth Science University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton SO45 4PJ UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9133-9058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine A.M.","family":"France","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Museum Conservation Institute Smithsonian Institution Suitland MD 20746 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-0134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus J.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas 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