{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:35:30Z","timestamp":1777505730573,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(2019YFD0900400)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(2019YFD0900400)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The precise identification of carotenoid esters of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Penaeus monodon<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , especially those in the carotenoid skeleton, needs to occur during mass spectrometry analysis. Detailed structural information about carotenoid esters is significant not only for the assessment of nutritional quality, but also for tracing biosynthetic precursors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The profiling of carotenoid esters in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>P. monodon<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was elucidated using ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole\u2010Orbitrap high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC\/Q\u2010Orbitrap\u2010HRMS). The raw LC\/MS data were analyzed using Exact Finder\u2122 software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The structurally relevant ions,\n                      <jats:italic>*l<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>*m<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were considered markers of the astaxanthin monoester. Moreover, the carotenoid skeleton was unequivocally identified using the diagnostic ions\n                      <jats:italic>*i<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>*j<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>*j\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>*g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>*g\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                      generated by the carbon\u2013carbon bond cleavage between \u03b2\u2010ionone ketones and conjugated polyene moieties. In total, 24 carotenoid esters were identified in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>P. monodon<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      based on the fragmentation patterns discussed above. The identified carotenoid skeleton includes astaxanthin, astacene, oxidized astaxanthin and adonixanthin, which have been described for the first time.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Characterization of the unknown carotenoid esters demonstrates the capabilities of this methodology, which is significant for enriching the carotenoid species in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>P. monodon<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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