{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:54:11Z","timestamp":1788371651769,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Around the world biosecurity measures are being strengthened to prevent the spread of pests and diseases across national and international borders. Quarantine protocols that involve sample sterilisation have potential effects on sample integrity. The consequences of sterilisation methods such as gamma (\u03b3)\u2010irradiation on the elemental and chemical properties of biological samples have not been widely examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We tested the effect of \u03b3\u2010irradiation (50\u2009kGy) on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                      N values) and elemental concentrations (C % and N %) of common biological samples (fish, plants and bulk soils). The analysis used a continuous flow system consisting of a Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer connected with a Thermo Flash 1112 elemental analyser via a ConFlo IV interface. Results were compared using two one\u2010sided tests (TOST) to test for statistical similarity between paired samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no change in the\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                      N values or N % of \u03b3\u2010irradiated samples, and only small changes to the\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C values of consumers (range: 0.01\u2030 to 0.04\u2030), producers (\u22120.02\u2030 to 0.04\u2030) and sediments (0\u2030 to 0.07\u2030). The magnitude of change in\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b4<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                      C values was greatest at low carbon concentrations but appeared negligible when measured against replicated sample analysis and the combined analytical uncertainty (i.e., 0.10\u2030). The C % values of irradiated samples were higher for consumers (0.23%) and lower for producers and sediments (0.04% and 0.05%, respectively) which may have implications for certain types of biological material.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routine \u03b3\u2010irradiation has little effect on the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of common biological samples and marginal effects on carbon elemental concentrations. This is unlikely to warrant concerns since the observed difference is typically of a magnitude lower than other sources of potential uncertainty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T23:24:20Z","timestamp":1628724260000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gamma\u2010irradiation of common biological samples for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope and elemental analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6768-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Gorman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5686-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Skrzypek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Australian Biogeochemistry Centre, School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9936-1919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. James","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2977-2843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Bearham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5170-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathew A.","family":"Vanderklift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Oceans and Atmosphere  Crawley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SheppardA W BroadhurstL YoungA.Invasive species are Australia's number\u2010one extinction threat. 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