{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:14:11Z","timestamp":1772118851618,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compound\u2010specific oxygen stable isotope analysis has been commercially available for about 20\u2009years but the technique has been infrequently applied and practical operating knowledge is limited. Existing reactor designs and chemistry fail to fully exclude contaminating oxygen, are chromatographically flawed, and are generally fabricated from expensive platinum tubing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As a new interface between the gas chromatograph and isotope ratio mass spectrometer, we used a nickel tube reactor (containing no platinum wires) in a ceramic sheath with countercurrent helium flushing, operated at 1250\u00b0C. We analyzed suites of four long\u2010chain alcohols (LCAs), defining the least and most\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      O\u2010enriched LCAs as internal standards. The other two LCAs, co\u2010injected in varying amounts, were treated as unknowns and amplitude\u2010corrected during data reduction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With this design, signals from non\u2010oxygenated compounds are minimized with a hydrogen trickle, while excessive graphitization is counterproductive. A balance of hydrogen and graphite is required to maintain a proper, stable redox state in the reactor. With low extraneous oxygen, the exact hydrogen flow has little effect on final \u03b4\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      O data quality. Overall average \u03b4\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      O values precisions and errors for the unknowns were better than 0.4\u00a0\u2030 for injections between 2 and 7\u00a0nmol per component.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our actively flushed sheath reduces oxygen infiltration to negligible levels and results in a chromatographic flow devoid of dead or poorly swept volumes. The improved design allows measurement of LCAs with accuracy and precision sufficient to enable investigating real processes, and may also have wider applications to other isotopes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T23:48:07Z","timestamp":1641858487000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Helium\u2010flushed sheathed nickel tube reactor for continuous flow oxygen stable isotope compound\u2010specific analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4959-1043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl G.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valier V.","family":"Galy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution  Woods Hole USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6380(90)90147-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0146-6380(99)00094-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-042711-105535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-121916-063634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2008.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2012.10.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10933-013-9744-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2017.03.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10256016.2013.824875"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2013.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2013.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-12-3913-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-15-713-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Thermo\u2010Finnigan\u201cHigh Temperature Conversion Interface GC\/TC Operating Manual\u201d Ident. No. 112 76 31 Issue 04\/2001. Thermo Finnigan MAT GmbH Bremen Germany"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Thermo Fisher Scientific\u201cGC IsoLink\u2122 Operating Manual\u201d Revision E \u2010 1222980 May 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4278"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of the performance of high temperature conversion reactors for compound\u2010specific oxygen stable isotope analysis","volume":"53","author":"Hitzfeld KL","year":"2016","journal-title":"Isot Environ Health Stud"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02680586"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"Isoprime GC5 Manual V1.13. 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With a perfectly tuned ion source (perfect linearity for CO2 and N2) we very consistently see a dependence of the 30\/28 ratio upon signal size. It is surprisingly [sic] constant at +0.3 per mill [sic]\/Volt (1V = 3 nA 28). We routinely correct for this but we do not know the origin. One possibility would be formation of an extra ion current on m\/z 30 much like the H3+. If small amounts of N2 are present in the reference gas formation of NO can occur on the filament giving rise to NO+ (m\/z 30) during reference measurement. In this case the correction would have to be applied to the reference gas only. However we see the same dependence upon signal size on the sample peaks. 2. We generally run our reduction at 1400\u00b0C (tube\u2010in\u2010tube arrangement with the He flow reversal installed) and we adjust the sample size to about 1 mg oxygen to generate a larger ion current. We found this necessary in order to be somewhat less dependent upon background and memory effects.\u201d Download date 2020Nov23 Willi A. Brand Stable Isotope Laboratory wbrand@bgc\u2010jena.mpg.de Max\u2010Planck\u2010Institute for Biogeochemistry (Beutenberg Campus) Hans\u2010Knoell\u2010Str. 10 07745 Jena Germany Tel: +49\u20133641\u2010576400 P.O. Box 100164 07701 Jena Germany Fax: +49\u20133641\u2010577400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac970887q"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.9252","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rcm.9252","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.9252","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:23:11Z","timestamp":1761492191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.9252"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.9252"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.9252","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9252\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9252\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9252\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9252\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9252\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9252\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9252\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e9252"}}