{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T19:21:54Z","timestamp":1787685714905,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bear bile powder (BBP) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and bile acids (BAs) are the main active components in BBP. Due to the scarcity of BBP resources, adulterations often occur in the market. Conventional methods to distinguish them are usually complicated and time\u2010consuming. To enhance effectiveness and accuracy, a rapid and rough analytical method is desperately needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, a rapid strategy using chip\u2010based nano\u2010electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano\u2010ESI\u2010MS\/MS) was established to distinguish BBP from other sources of bile powder (BP). In addition, the results were further verified by ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography combined with high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC\/MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The precision of the chip\u2010based nano\u2010ESI\u2010MS\/MS method was validated to be acceptable with relative standard deviation (RSD) &lt;15%. The distinction between BBP and other sources of BP, including common adulterants of pig bile powder (PBP), cattle bile powder (CBP), sheep bile powder (SBP), and chicken bile powder (CkBP), can be observed in the spectra. By using orthogonal partial least\u2010squares discriminant analysis (OPLS\u2010DA), more potential\n                      <jats:italic>m\/z<\/jats:italic>\n                      markers were investigated. A BAs\u2010related\n                      <jats:italic>m\/z<\/jats:italic>\n                      marker of 498.3 was discovered as a typical differential molecular ion peak and was identified as tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) in BBP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed strategy has simple sample pretreatment steps and significantly shortened analysis time. As an emerging technology, chip\u2010based nano\u2010ESI\u2010MS not only provides a reference for the rapid distinction of adulterated Chinese medicines, but also provides some insights into the identification of other chemicals and foods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T04:23:21Z","timestamp":1652847801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rapid identification of bear bile powder from other bile sources using chip\u2010based nano\u2010electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Yixin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7394-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Kaibao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengtao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5484-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Crude drug adulteration: A concise review","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed S","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2018.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY41605D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378\u20108741(95)01249\u2010D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1252","article-title":"Advances in studies on bear bile powder","volume":"40","author":"Zhou CF","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Chin Mater Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4305074"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"2326","article-title":"Systematical analysis of multiple components in drainage bear bile powder from different sources","volume":"43","author":"Wang J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Chin Mate Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14705"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840170412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016\u20105085(94)90021\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i32.4336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","article-title":"Research and development of bear bile\/gallbladder related products","author":"Wu X","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dali Univ"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"645","article-title":"Identification of bear bile powder and its adulterants by using DNA barcoding technology","volume":"43","author":"Xu YC","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Chin Mate Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","article-title":"Study on quality control method of bear bile","volume":"12","author":"Cha YS","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin J Ethnomed Ethnopharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","article-title":"Identification of bear bile powder","volume":"16","author":"Zhang XY","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nei Mongol J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Identification of bear bile and its adulterations","volume":"3","author":"Chen HL","year":"1992","journal-title":"Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Microscopic identification of bear bile and bezoar","volume":"24","author":"Wang QH","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Univ Agric Boreali\u2010Occidentalis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","article-title":"Discussion on supplement the microscopic identification of bear bile skin in departmental standard","volume":"1","author":"Chen WY","year":"2000","journal-title":"Strait Pharm J"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"300","article-title":"Discriminating genuine bear bile from its adulterated product","volume":"28","author":"Wu CM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tradit Herbal Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2014.11.020"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Study on the method of TLC analysis of bear bile","volume":"34","author":"Zhu RY","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gansu Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"487","article-title":"HPLC comparison of bile acids in Fellis Ursi powder, Fellis Suis powder, Calculus Bovis powder, Fellis Caprinus powder and Fellis Galli powder","volume":"29","author":"Zhang YH","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Pharm Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Determination of fingerprint of bear bile powder in Tanreqing injection and its main components","volume":"35","author":"Jian LH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin Tradit Patent Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"1958","article-title":"Quantification of the major bile acids in bear bile powder by HPLC\u2010ELSD","volume":"51","author":"Shi Y","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin Pharm J"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of five bile acids in Pulvis Fellis Suis, Pulvis Billis Bovis, Pulvis Fellis Caprinus and Pulvis Fellis Galli by high performance liquid chromatography\u2010charged aerosol detector","volume":"42","author":"Wang YB","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Anal Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","first-page":"2283","article-title":"Identification of bear bile powder by fluorescence PCR","volume":"41","author":"He YS","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin Med Mat"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"FI\u2010IR spectroscopy in identification of bear biles and other animal biles","volume":"12","author":"Yuan D","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mod Chin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Characteristic analysis by FT\u2010IR for bile powder from bear and three other animals and comparison of the pharmacological effects","volume":"31","author":"Yan HY","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Wannan Med Coll"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Analysis of bile acid profiles in bear bile powder and other medicinal bile using 1H\u2010NMR spectroscopy and LC\u2010MS","volume":"1218","author":"Cao Y","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin Tradit Herb Drug"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b02798"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b00807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2016.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.2944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2018.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0an01047b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2018.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b00530"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.1709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.8229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216\u2010020\u201002408\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2011.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.10.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx800225q"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2018.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25135\/rnp.28.17.07.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2016.06.007"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","first-page":"1252","article-title":"Advances in studies on bear bile powder","volume":"40","author":"Zhou CFG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin J Chin Mate Med"}],"container-title":["Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.9326","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rcm.9326","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcm.9326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:39:06Z","timestamp":1761493146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcm.9326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcm.9326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcm.9326","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9326\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9326\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9326\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9326\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9326\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/RCM.9326\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0951-4198","1097-0231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0951-4198","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-05-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e9326"}}