{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:55:58Z","timestamp":1786978558040,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004517","name":"Tianjin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["390\/0701321048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["390\/0701321048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004517","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42007290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42007290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT\u2010ICR MS) combined with different ionization techniques provides a powerful means to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the molecular level. Solid\u2010phase extraction (SPE) is currently the most widely utilized method for extracting the DOM, but one\u2010step elution using methanol does not provide a comprehensive picture of DOM. The development of efficient extraction and enrichment methods as well as characterization techniques from water samples remains a priority for DOM research, which is investigated in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DOM was extracted from lake water by SPE using one\u2010step elution (methanol or dichloromethane) and multistep elution (water, methanol, acetone, and dichloromethane). A combination of electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), and matrix\u2010free laser desorption ionization (LDI) was utilized for FT\u2010ICR MS analysis in both positive (+) and negative (\u2212) ion modes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total recovery of the multistep elution was 23.5% higher as compared to the investigated one\u2010step elution procedure (85% vs. 61.6%); however, a comparison of the observed molecular species and the range of diversity under different ionization techniques along with the statistical analyses showed that proper selection of solvent and ionization method was required to explore specific compounds from the sample.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For DOM species containing different heteroatoms, a combination of ESI, APPI, and LDI can offer a comprehensive profile of DOM in aquatic ecosystems. The specific molecular formulae of each ionization technique are characterized as follows: ESI\u2014 mode exhibited strong selectivity for lignin\u2010like and tannins\u2010like species with high oxygen content, as well as organosulfates. ESI+\u2009favored lipid species and peptide\/protein compounds. Unsaturated and condensed aromatic hydrocarbons with low oxygen were preferably ionized by both APPI and LDI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T23:04:48Z","timestamp":1659049488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fractionation and characterization of dissolved organic matter using solid\u2010phase extraction followed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with electrospray, atmospheric pressure photoionization, and laser desorption ionization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6832-6598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiaozhuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surface\u2010Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science Tianjin University  Tianjin 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