{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:15:57Z","timestamp":1772118957447,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RATIONALE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conjugation sites are a quality attribute of conjugate vaccines. Proteolysis of bioconjugates synthesized by maleimide\u2013thiol chemistry generates type 2 peptides with a hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker containing information on the conjugation sites. A mass spectrometry (MS)\u2010cleavable linker could make the identification of conjugation sites by MS more reliable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four synthetic type 2 peptides with a hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker were analyzed by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MS\/MS with and without collision gas. These peptides were also partially labeled with\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      O in the linker to confirm the proposed fragmentation mechanism. A conjugate vaccine with the hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker was reduced and\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010alkylated, digested with trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography\u2013MS\/MS using collision\u2010induced dissociation (CID) and higher\u2010energy collisional dissociation (HCD) fragmentation methods at a normalized collision energy of 30.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A metastable fragmentation preferentially cleaves the newly formed pseudopeptide bond within the hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker of type 2 peptides to yield P\u2009+\u200971 and C\u2009+\u200998 ions. These ions make the assignment of conjugation sites more reliable. Partial\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      O\u2010labeling and MS\/MS analysis confirmed the proposed structures. CID produces these ions as the two most intense signals more favorably than HCD. The latter also yields these ions, guarantees better sequence coverage and promotes other fragmentations in the linker.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linker is cleavable in MALDI and electrospray ionization MS\/MS analysis by a gas\u2010phase metastable fragmentation. The resulting fragment ions (P\u2009+\u200971 and C\u2009+\u200998) make the identification of conjugation sites more reliable. These results could be extended to self\u2010hydrolyzing maleimides, which efficiently stabilize the thiosuccinimide linker upon hydrolysis, in antibody\u2013drug conjugates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.9859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T03:03:01Z","timestamp":1721617381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A hydrolyzed\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010propionylthiosuccinimide linker is cleaved by metastable fragmentation, increasing reliability of conjugation site identification in conjugate vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8439-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo E.","family":"Ramos\u2010Berm\u00fadez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology  Havana 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