{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:58:41Z","timestamp":1747151921069,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA188654","P01 AG001751","R01 CA154451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA188654","P01 AG001751","R01 CA154451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCSM Rapid Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial wasting syndrome that is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and weakness, which compromises physical function, reduces quality of life, and ultimately can lead to mortality. Experimental models of cancer cachexia have recapitulated this skeletal muscle atrophy and consequent decline in muscle force\u2010generating capacity. We address these issues in a novel transgenic mouse model Kras, Trp53, and Pdx\u20101\u2010Cre (<jats:italic>KPC<\/jats:italic>) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using multi\u2010parametric magnetic resonance measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>KPC<\/jats:italic> mice (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) were divided equally into two groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05 per group) depending on the size of the tumour, that is, tumour size &lt;250 and &gt;250\u00a0mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. Using multi\u2010parametric magnetic resonance measures, we demonstrated the changes in the gastrocnemius muscle at the microstructural level. In addition, we evaluated skeletal muscle contractile function in <jats:italic>KPC<\/jats:italic> mice using an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increase in tumour size resulted in decrease in gastrocnemius maximum cross\u2010sectional area, decrease in T<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> relaxation time, increase in magnetization transfer ratio, decrease in mean diffusivity, and decrease in radial diffusivity of water across the muscle fibres. Finally, we detected significant decrease in absolute and specific force production of gastrocnemius muscle with increase in tumour size.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that increase in tumour size may cause alterations in structural and functional parameters of skeletal muscles and that MR parameters may be used as sensitive biomarkers to non\u2010invasively detect structural changes in cachectic muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]],"date-time":"2020-06-07T13:34:44Z","timestamp":1591536884000},"page":"44-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Increased tumour burden alters skeletal muscle properties in the <scp><i>KPC<\/i><\/scp> mouse model of pancreatic cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Ravneet","family":"Vohra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Washington  SLU C256, 850 Republican Street, PO Box 358051 Seattle WA 98109\u20104714 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Washington  SLU C256, 850 Republican Street, PO Box 358051 Seattle WA 98109\u20104714 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Washington  SLU C256, 850 Republican Street, PO Box 358051 Seattle WA 98109\u20104714 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Whang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Gravelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yak\u2010Nam","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo\u2010Ha","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University  Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Marcinek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Washington  SLU C256, 850 Republican Street, PO Box 358051 Seattle WA 98109\u20104714 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5220-3991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Washington  SLU C256, 850 Republican Street, PO Box 358051 Seattle WA 98109\u20104714 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728214.2012.652946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2007.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer","volume":"59","author":"Michaud DS","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minerva Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"217","article-title":"Modeling pancreatic cancer in animals to address specific hypotheses","volume":"103","author":"Grippo PJ","year":"2005","journal-title":"Methods Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14\u20103","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.ph1403s37","article-title":"Orthotopic model of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and cancer cachexia in nude mice","volume":"37","author":"Jones\u2010Bolin S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530410049032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(03)00309-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-004-1186-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40644-018-0172-6","article-title":"Evaluation of pancreatic tumor development in KPC mice using multi\u2010parametric MRI","volume":"18","author":"Vohra R","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9779"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Skeletal muscle fiber types in C57Bl6J mice","volume":"21","author":"Augusto V","year":"2004","journal-title":"Braz J Morphol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.2.441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1969.sp008715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"R849","article-title":"Intracellular regulation of protein degradation during sepsis is different in fast\u2010 and slow\u2010twitch muscle","volume":"272","author":"Tiao G","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-159608"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00106.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910370509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2017.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0129899","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129899","article-title":"Assessment of myocardial fibrosis in mice using a T2*\u2010weighted 3D radial magnetic resonance imaging sequence","volume":"10","author":"Nierop BJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e318243e062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.192.3.8058919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910100113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.3.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2273020721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859900500502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000199954.81900.e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199907000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059308"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10223"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-017-3178-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-245894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00121.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.008839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-189977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.12-222844"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12261"}],"container-title":["JCSM Rapid Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frco2.13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rco2.13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rco2.13","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rco2.13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T11:14:14Z","timestamp":1693912454000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rco2.13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rco2.13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rco2.13","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2617-1619","2617-1619"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2617-1619"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2617-1619"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}