{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:48:34Z","timestamp":1766407714484,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptococcal pleural infection is rare with about 50 cases reported. It tends to occur in immunocompromised individuals. We describe a 38\u2010year\u2010old male who presented with a lymphocytic exudative right pleural effusion and a raised pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) level. He was initially treated for pleural tuberculosis, but presented again with worsening pleural effusion 6\u2009weeks later. A thoracoscopic pleural biopsy revealed chronic nodular granulomatous pleuritis with cryptococcal organisms present. The repeat pleural fluid culture was positive for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>. He was started on intravenous amphotericin B and oral flucytosine for 1\u2009week, and then continued on oral fluconazole. He was subsequently diagnosed to have acute myeloid leukaemia. His peripheral blood film showed presence of blast cells (33%), with flow cytometry showing increased myeloblast population. Lymphocytic exudative pleural effusions with raised ADA levels in an immunocompromised patient can be due to opportunistic fungal infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,13]],"date-time":"2018-01-13T06:55:33Z","timestamp":1515826533000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cryptococcal pleural infection in a recurrent pleural effusion: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8749-5418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey Chuan Rui","family":"Wee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Khoo Teck Puat Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju Ee","family":"Seet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National University Health System  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathen","family":"Venkatalacham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Khoo Teck Puat Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sze Khen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Khoo Teck Puat Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328329268d"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"743","article-title":"Pleural effusions due to Cryptococcus neoformans: a review of the literature and report of two cases with Cryptococcal antigen determinations","volume":"121","author":"Young EJ","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01723.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0642"}],"container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcr2.294","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcr2.294","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T01:13:47Z","timestamp":1695604427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcr2.294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcr2.294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcr2.294","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-3380","2051-3380"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2051-3380"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2051-3380"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]]},"article-number":"e00294"}}