{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:47:09Z","timestamp":1790185629560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Council of South Africa Clinician Researcher Scholarship"},{"name":"Margaret McNamara Education Grant for Africa 2017"},{"name":"African Paediatric Fellowship Program Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"\n Exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP), an important cause of interstitial lung disease, often goes unrecognized. We conducted a retrospective study of children with histologically confirmed ELP at Red Cross Children\u2019s Hospital, South Africa. Twelve children of Zimbabwean heritage aged 2.1\u201310.8 months were identified between 2012 and 2017. Repeated oral administration of plant\u2010based oil for cultural reasons was reported by 10 of 11 caregivers. Cough (12\/12), tachypnoea (11\/12), hypoxia (9\/12), and diffuse alveolar infiltrates on chest radiography (12\/12) were common at presentation. Chest computed tomography revealed ground\u2010glass opacification with lower zone predominance (9\/9) and interlobular septal thickening (8\/9). Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens appeared cloudy\/milky, with abundant lipid\u2010laden macrophages and extracellular lipid on Oil\u2010Red\u2010O staining (12\/12), with polymicrobial (6\/12) and\n \n Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (2\/12) co\u2010infection. Antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids, and therapeutic lavage were interventions in all eight and five patients, respectively. Clinicians should consider ELP in children with non\u2010resolving pneumonia in settings with similar practices.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T09:09:05Z","timestamp":1533632945000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: an important cause of interstitial lung disease in infants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3895-2210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Marangu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komala","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Banderker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneesa","family":"Vanker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Zampoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health and Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.10.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0104-4230(12)70171-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Studies on pneumonia following naso\u2010pharyngeal injections of oil","volume":"1","author":"Laughlen GF","year":"1925","journal-title":"Am. 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Experiments with guinea\u2010pigs on intrapulmonal and subcutaneous inoculation of saprophytic bacteria coated with liquid paraffin","volume":"17","author":"Kudoh S","year":"1962","journal-title":"Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e3181a9ec9f"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.28.2.214"}],"container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcr2.356","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcr2.356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T13:54:33Z","timestamp":1695390873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcr2.356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcr2.356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcr2.356","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-3380","2051-3380"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-3380","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-3380","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00356"}}