{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T17:30:32Z","timestamp":1775755832676,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The galaxy sign and cluster sign were first reported in pulmonary sarcoidosis. From those reports, these two signs became known as one of the characteristic computed tomography (CT) findings of sarcoidosis. We report a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis who had these two signs. A 44\u2010year\u2010old man was referred to our hospital for general fatigue, cough, and low\u2010grade fever lasting about two months. Thoracic CT showed a large parenchymal nodule arising from coalescent small nodules (galaxy sign) and clusters composed of numerous small nodules (cluster sign) in the bilateral lungs. Three specimens of sputum acid\u2010fast smear were negative. However, we performed a bronchoscopy, and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> was proven to be positive by the acid\u2010fast culture test of the obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, drug sensitivity testing revealed this to be a case of multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis. Patients with these signs must be examined carefully to differentiate tuberculosis from pulmonary sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T11:36:08Z","timestamp":1537097768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant tuberculosis with galaxy and cluster signs on high\u2010resolution computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7140-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keitaro","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti\u2010Tuberculosis Association  Kiyose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti\u2010Tuberculosis Association  Kiyose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kokuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti\u2010Tuberculosis Association  Kiyose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti\u2010Tuberculosis Association  Kiyose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti\u2010Tuberculosis Association  Kiyose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti\u2010Tuberculosis Association  Kiyose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.178.6.1781389"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"The \u201csarcoid cluster sign\u201d. A new sign in high resolution chest CT","volume":"51","author":"Herr\u00e1ez Ortega I","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiologia"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12908"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Clinical significance of the \u201cgalaxy sign\u201d in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis in a Japanese single\u2010center cohort","volume":"33","author":"Koide T","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc. Diffuse Lung Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02308-2016"}],"container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcr2.369","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcr2.369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T11:59:09Z","timestamp":1694865549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcr2.369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcr2.369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcr2.369","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-3380","2051-3380"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-3380","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-3380","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00369"}}