{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T15:10:50Z","timestamp":1783350650124,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Actinomycosis is a rare infectious bacterial disease typically involving cervicofacial, abdominopelvic, or thoracic regions, caused by Actinomyces species. However, involvement of the mediastinum as the primary site of origin is extremely rare. An elderly patient complained of left\u2010sided chest pain. The chest radiograph revealed pleural effusion, which revealed lymphocyte\u2010predominant exudates. Chest computed tomography showed a soft tissue mass in the left anterior mediastinum. Positron emission tomography revealed an increased uptake of <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010fluorodeoxyglucose in this lesion. To exclude malignancy and make a confirmative diagnosis, a mediastinal biopsy was performed through video\u2010assisted thoracic surgery. Finally, mediastinal actinomycosis was diagnosed. We report herein a case of mediastinal actinomycosis mimicking lung malignancy presented with recurrent lymphocyte\u2010predominant pleural fluid exudate. In patients with a recurrent or unexplained exudative pleural effusion, it may be worthwhile to consider a hidden foci of actinomycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T11:14:45Z","timestamp":1581678885000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Unusual aetiology of lymphocyte\u2010predominant exudative pleural effusion: primary mediastinal actinomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0765-8273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil Myeong","family":"Seong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine  Jeju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Lim","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine  Jeju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Won","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine  Jeju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-2528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine  Jeju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d6099"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.2.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-216"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.5.1615"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-012-0205-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.203752"}],"container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Frcr2.534","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcr2.534","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/rcr2.534","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/rcr2.534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T20:55:19Z","timestamp":1694033719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/rcr2.534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/rcr2.534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rcr2.534","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2051-3380","2051-3380"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2051-3380","type":"print"},{"value":"2051-3380","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00534"}}