{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:01:06Z","timestamp":1777896066157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coexistence of lophomoniasis and tuberculosis (TB), both airborne diseases, is relatively uncommon. Co\u2010infections like these can complicate treatment strategies due to overlapping symptoms and potential drug interactions. We report a rare case of comorbidity involving two pulmonary diseases, lophomoniasis and TB, in an 82\u2010year\u2010old woman with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from northern Iran. Her primary symptoms included weakness, lethargy, dyspnea, sputum production, night sweats, and significant weight loss. Both TB and lophomoniasis can compromise the immune system, potentially worsening the progression or severity of AD by increasing susceptibility to infections or enhancing neuroinflammation. Following the prescription of appropriate drug regimens for both diseases, the patient was discharged from the hospital in stable condition. Overall, it is crucial to consider lophomoniasis in the differential diagnosis of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in endemic areas where both infections are prevalent, to ensure timely diagnosis and effective management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.70248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T07:29:04Z","timestamp":1750836544000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Coexistence of Tuberculosis and Lophomoniasis in a Patient With Alzheimer's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Masoud","family":"Maboudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari 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of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majidreza","family":"Adelani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Ward, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4835-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zakaria","family":"Zakariaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Mazandaran Registry Center for Opioids Poisoning, Orthopedic Research Centers Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4690-6938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Fakhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Parasitology Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Iranian National Registry Centre for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine Qom University of Medical Sciences  Qom Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v28i2.4879"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omac064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-018-0770-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017848","article-title":"Clinical Aspects of Adult Tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Loddenkemper R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor 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