{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T18:25:02Z","timestamp":1769538302434,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma (PPC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer that is characterised by rapid progression and poor prognosis. Hemothorax as the initial clinical presentation of PPC is exceptionally rare and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported. Here, we report a rare case of a KRAS G12D\u2010mutated PPC penetrating the visceral pleura, leading to rapid tumour growth and uncontrolled hemothorax. In addition to the high proliferative and invasive potential of the tumour, the oncological properties associated with the KRAS G12D mutation likely precipitated both the abrupt onset and recurrence of massive hemothorax. Early recognition, complete macroscopic resection to achieve definitive haemostasis, and prompt initiation of postoperative therapy are essential to improve clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.70454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T23:14:51Z","timestamp":1767654891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemothorax as the Initial Manifestation of\n                    <i>KRAS G12D<\/i>\n                    Positive Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6996-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuma","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center  Amagasaki\u2010shi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center  Amagasaki\u2010shi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigenari","family":"Iwagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center  Amagasaki\u2010shi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center  Amagasaki\u2010shi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5334-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yushi","family":"Shimamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center  Amagasaki\u2010shi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiko","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center  Amagasaki\u2010shi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2906-1857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takehisa","family":"Fukada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center  Amagasaki\u2010shi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center  Amagasaki\u2010shi Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.06.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02157-x"}],"container-title":["Respirology Case 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