{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:09:55Z","timestamp":1753870195028,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Respirology Case Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with immunodeficiency are at an increased risk of recurrent COVID\u201019 infection. They may lack the natural immune response that usually confers long\u2010lasting immunity. Here, we present our experience managing one such patient, who had a COVID\u201019 infection twice, 5\u2009months apart. He had a positive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 real\u2010time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) and computed tomography (CT) thorax with classical findings of COVID\u201019 on both occasions. He had multiple negative RT\u2010PCR tests and two CT scans without COVID\u201019 features between these two infections. While the antibody response to the first infection was not detectable, the response to the second infection was robust. Live attenuated vaccines are contraindicated in patients with immunodeficiency, and other vaccines may not elicit an adequate immune response. A high index of suspicion for recurrent COVID\u201019 is warranted in this group of patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcr2.891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T05:31:10Z","timestamp":1638941470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recurrent <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 infection in a case of rituximab\u2010induced hypogammaglobulinaemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4285-7910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Christian Medical College  Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6799-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balamugesh","family":"Thangakunam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Christian Medical College  Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3515-7510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barney Thomas Jesudason","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Christian Medical College  Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6040-040X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahesh","family":"Moorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Virology Christian Medical College  Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9405-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devasahayam Jesudas","family":"Christopher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Christian Medical College  Vellore India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2020.1871066"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102466"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-021-00546-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-021-04662-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030512"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0965-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A 1 to 1000 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 reinfection proportion in members of a large healthcare provider in Israel: a preliminary report","author":"Perez G","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reinfection or reactivation of coronavirus\u201019 in patients with hematologic malignancies: case report series","author":"Kapoor R","year":"2021","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(21)00313-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KearnsP SiebertS WillicombeM GaskellC KirkhamA&PirrieSet al. Examining the Immunological Effects of COVID\u201019 Vaccination in Patients with Conditions Potentially Leading to Diminished Immune Response Capacity \u2013 The OCTAVE Trial [Internet]. Rochester: Social Science Research Network; 2021 Aug [cited 2021 Nov 8]. Report No.: ID 3910058. Available from:https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/abstract=3910058","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3910058"},{"unstructured":"CDC.Interim Clinical Considerations for Use of COVID\u201019 Vaccines [Internet].2021[cited 2021 Nov 8]. 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