{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T14:54:11Z","timestamp":1788447251028,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation"},{"name":"UNAM-PAPIME","award":["PE109018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE109018"]}]},{"name":"ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation","award":["2015-PM15-11-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-PM15-11-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrating simulators with robotic surgical procedures could assist in designing and testing of novel robotic control algorithms and further enhance patient\u2010specific pre\u2010operative planning and training for robotic surgeries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A virtual reality simulator, developed to perform the transsphenoidal resection of pituitary gland tumours, tested the usability of robotic interfaces and control algorithms. It used position\u2010based dynamics to allow soft\u2010tissue deformation and resection with haptic feedback; dynamic motion scaling control was also incorporated into the simulator.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurosurgeons and residents performed the surgery under constant and dynamic motion scaling conditions (CMS vs DMS). DMS increased dexterity and reduced the risk of damage to healthy brain tissue. Post\u2010experimental questionnaires indicated that the system was well\u2010evaluated by experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The simulator was intuitively and realistically operated. It increased the safety and accuracy of the procedure without affecting intervention time. 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