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Therefore, their implementation within low\u2010income and rural regions is challenging due to their high cost, complex sterilization process and poor portability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to develop an endoscopic platform that is low\u2010cost, disposable and portable, with the primary goal of reducing gastric cancer\u2010related mortality among low\u2010 and middle\u2010income communities through wider access to regular screening programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The endoscope employs a custom microvalve to switch between hydraulic actuation of a spatial bending fluidic actuator and water\u2010jet actuation. Three alloy wires with buckle attachments are connected to a pneumatic balloon which facilitates reversible shape\u2010locking of the actuator, and thus supports stable scanning by water\u2010jet actuation. Distal tip of the device has an internal charge\u2010coupled device camera for inspection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiments demonstrated a 58% increase in the workspace after introduction of the water\u2010jet and more than three times the load\u2010locking ability variation. Phantom experiment was also conducted for performance comparison with a traditional endoscope.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>By controlling the pressure of supplied water and the inflation of locking balloon, the endoscope achieves a satisfactory workspace and a remarkable shape\u2010locking ability, demonstrating its potential clinical value in improving the prospects for upper gastrointestinal tract disease screening, especially gastric cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T21:06:31Z","timestamp":1603919191000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A dual\u2010bending endoscope with shape\u2010lockable hydraulic actuation and water\u2010jet propulsion for gastrointestinal tract screening"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9712-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design Ministry of Education Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8956-6603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linkun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design Ministry of Education Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9232-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James H.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Robotics, Autonomous Systems and Sensing School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2280-5438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Valdastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Robotics, Autonomous Systems and Sensing School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4257-7978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design Ministry of Education Tianjin University  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"0","author":"Bray F","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(01)00262-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Office of Inspector General. 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