{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:09:55Z","timestamp":1753870195654,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery is critical as inaccuracies can lead to morbidity and suboptimal outcomes. Navigation and robotics have reduced malplacement rates, but their adoption is limited by high costs, learning curves, surgical time, and radiation. The authors propose an ultrasound\u2010emitting and self\u2010localising drill guide for precise screw placement that overcomes the limitations of current techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The preliminary configuration analysis involves systematically varying design parameters and assessing localization performance using lumbar spine MRI based simulations. The authors evaluate localization techniques based on accuracy and optimization capture range.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results suggest that feasible designs can accurately estimate position. A promising design features a 5\u00a0mm radius cannula with ten 35mm\u2010long ultrasound strips, 32 elements per strip, and a fanned\u2010out emission profile. A multi\u2010start active\u2010set optimization algorithm with six initial estimates ensures reliable and efficient localization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The simulation suggests that the proposed design can achieve sufficient localization accuracy for pedicle screw navigation. These findings will guide the fabrication of a novel ultrasound\u2010emitting drill guide for further evaluation and physical testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.2555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,12]],"date-time":"2023-08-12T10:24:53Z","timestamp":1691835893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design of an ultrasound\u2010emitting drill guide for freehand pedicle screw navigation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1678-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke J.","family":"MacLean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopedic 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