{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:39:11Z","timestamp":1783777151100,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003662","name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20015573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20015573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neglecting eye disorders can lead to visual impairment or even vision loss, making early diagnosis and medical treatment crucial. This paper presents the development of an automated non\u2010supervised eye disorder screening system that utilises Virtual Reality (VR) to provide a preliminary screening for common eye disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The system integrates advanced pupil\u2010tracking techniques, image\u2010processing methods, and eye disorder screening algorithms into one package for comprehensive eye disorder monitoring, including a strabismus test, a pupil test, and a contrast sensitivity test. Patients can wear a VR headset and use a joystick to interact with the VR scenario.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The system is validated through experiments conducted on both healthy subjects and patients in hospitals, demonstrating an agreement rate exceeding 90% when compared to diagnoses by doctors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The test results highlight its potential for real\u2010world applications, ultimately improving the accessibility of early screening for eye disorders and remote healthcare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T14:39:28Z","timestamp":1732891168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Automated Non\u2010Supervised Eye Disorder Screening System Using Virtual Reality"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4569-6930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University  Gwangju South Korean"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang Sci\u2010Tech University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeonwoo","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University  Gwangju South Korean"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwan","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital  Gwangju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital  Gwangju South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2396-7209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyuhae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University  Gwangju South Korean"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000001415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC44109.2020.9176510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR-Adjunct51615.2020.00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.3.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol\u20102019\u2010314031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886\u2010021\u201002016\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Labkovich A.Warburton C.Cheng et\u00a0al. 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