{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:02:28Z","timestamp":1756425748621,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Robotics Computer Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In frame\u2010based stereotaxy, the design of the frame limits trajectory selection, e.g., to the temporal lobe and posterior fossa. We hypothesise that frame\u2010less neuronavigation and robotic technology might have expanded these stereotactic corridors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed 376 frame\u2010based, neuronavigated and robotic brain biopsies. We analysed entry (EP) and target (TP) point coordinates, trajectory lengths (TL) and angles (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>,<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), skin\u2010to\u2010skin time (STS), diagnostic yield and morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Robotics liberated <jats:italic>TP<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>EP<\/jats:italic> selection, enabling trajectories not applicable with the frame. There was an increased application of lateral trajectories (reducing <jats:italic>\u03b11<\/jats:italic>) while decreasing <jats:italic>TL<\/jats:italic>. There was a significant <jats:italic>STS<\/jats:italic> reduction attributable to a modification of the surgical approach (twist drill vs. burr hole).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Robotics modified trajectory selection and the surgical approach. Duration and invasiveness of brain biopsies were decreased without affecting diagnostic yield or morbidity. This may represent a clinical benefit of robotics compared with frame\u2010based and frame\u2010less stereotaxy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T23:44:14Z","timestamp":1751759054000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Silent Transformation of Stereotactic Brain Biopsies After the Introduction of Robotics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Eliane","family":"Weinbrenner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology Eberhard Karls University  Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mykola","family":"Gorbachuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology Eberhard Karls University  Tuebingen 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